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P215 > notes nervous system: g-proteins and neurotransmitters > Flashcards

notes nervous system: g-proteins and neurotransmitters Flashcards

1
Q

what type of receptor is fast-acting and a simple ion channel?

A

ionotropic

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2
Q

in an ionotropic receptor if you put a key in the door ___________

A

the door opens

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3
Q

what type of receptor is an ionotropic receptor?

A

ligand-gated

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4
Q

what type of receptor is slow-acting

A

metabotropic

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5
Q

in a metabotropic receptor if you put a key in the door what are the two things that might occur?

A

door opens or enzyme is activated

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6
Q

what are the three parts of a g-protein?

A

alpha, beta, gamma

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7
Q

when are g-proteins inactive?

A

when GDP is attached

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8
Q

when are g-proteins active?

A

when GTP is attached

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9
Q

what are the three steps of a g-protein?

A

hormone binds to receptor
GDP leaves, GTP binds
GTP/alpha leave and bind to a protein

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10
Q

what two things could occur as a result of the binding between GTP and alpha?

A

opening of an ion channel or activation of secondary messengers (enzymes)

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11
Q

where can g-proteins be found?

A

cardiac muscle, retina, odor receptors, blood vessel tone

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12
Q

what are the three types of g-protein pathways?

A

g-alpha s
g-alpha I
g-alpha q

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13
Q

what two g-protein pathways are stimulatory?

A

g-alpha s and g-alpha q

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14
Q

what g-protein pathway is inhibitory?

A

g-alpha I

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15
Q

what is the purpose of adenylate cyclase?

A

converts ATP into cAMP

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16
Q

what is the purpose of cAMP

A

activates protein kinase A (PKA)

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17
Q

what two g-protein pathways correspond with cAMP?

A

g-alpha s and g-alpha i

18
Q

what g-protein pathway corresponds with PLC?

A

g-alpha q

19
Q

what does PKA do?

A

phosphorylates (activates) a protein

20
Q

what does phospodiesterase (PDE) do?

A

deactivates cAMP

21
Q

what is the g alpha s pathway?

A

ligand binds to a receptor
GDP swapped for GTP leading to the activation of g alpha s
alpha and GTP bind to adenylate cyclase
adenylate cyclase is activated causing ATP to turn into cAMP
cAMP activates PKA
PDE deactivates cAMP

22
Q

what is the g alpha I pathway?

A

ligand binds to a g-protein receptor
GDP is swapped for GTP (g alpha protein is activated)
g alpha I and GTP bind with adenylate cyclase
adenylate cyclase is inhibited
ATP is unable to convert into cAMP
reduced amount of PKA is formed
PDE also deactivates cAMP

23
Q

what is the g alpha q pathway?

A

a ligand binds to a g-protein receptor
GDP is converted to GTP and g alpha q is activated
GTP and g alpa q bind to PLC
PLC causes PIP2 to breakdown into DAG and IP3

24
Q

what is the function of DAG?

A

activates PKC

25
Q

what is the function of IP3?

A

triggers calcium release in the endoplasmic reticulum

26
Q

what type of receptor does acetylcholine bind to?

A

cholinergic

27
Q

what type of receptor does noradrenaline (norepinephrine) bind to?

A

adrenergic

28
Q

what are the two types of cholinergic receptors?

A

nicotinic and muscarinic

29
Q

true or false: nicotinic and muscarinic receptors can bind to each other

A

false

30
Q

which receptor opens ion channels?

A

nicotinic

31
Q

what receptors activates g-proteins?

A

muscarinic and adrenergic

32
Q

what are the three main adrenergic receptors?

A

beta, alpha-1, alpha-2

33
Q

what pathway does a beta receptor activate?

A

g alpha s

34
Q

what pathway does an alpha-1 receptor activate?

A

g alpha q

35
Q

what pathway does an alpha-2 receptor activate?

A

g alpha I

36
Q

heart and kidneys

A

beta-1

37
Q

lungs, smooth muscle

A

beta-2

38
Q

fat cells

A

beta-3

39
Q

vascular smooth muscle

A

alpha-1

40
Q

brain

A

alpha-2

P215 (16 decks)

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