Notes from Questions Flashcards by Evan Manning

Hypertension in Pregnancy, Mole vs Preeclampsia

HTN before 20 weeks = Mole

HTN after 20 weeks = Preeclampsia

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Smoking Risk in Pregnancy

Increased risk of Placental Abruption

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How to tell difference between Placenta Previa vs Abrupto based on presentation

Previa = Painless bleeding
Abrupto = Painful bleeding

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Theca-Lutein Cysts are suggestive of…..

Molar Pregnancy

Increased incidence with really high BHCG

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Major pathological finding in Yolk Sac Tumor

Schiller-Duval bodies (glomerulus-like)

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Vancomycin Side Effects

NOT: ????

Red Man Syndrome (give slowly with histamine)

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Macrolide Side Effects

MACRO?

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NADPH Functions

Fatty Acid synthesis, GSH reduction

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Marker for Colorectal Cancer

CEA

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CA19-9 is a marker for…..

Pancreatic Cancer

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Urine findings in extravascular hemolysis

Increased urobilinogen

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What cells cause cirrhosis?

TGF-beta from stellate cells

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Mallory Bodies

Damaged intermediate filaments

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Blastomycosis Skin Lesions

Increase risk of SCC

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What do you see on HUS smear?

Schistocytes

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Haemophilus Ducreyi PE findings

painful chancre and inguinal lymphadenopathy

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Cilistatin

Given with carbapenems to increase effect by inhibiting dehydropeptidase in kidney

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Embryonic Derivatives of Vaginal Epithelium

Lower 1/3 stratified squamous from urogenital sinus

Upper 2/3 columnar epithelium from Mullerian ducts

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DES effect on vaginal epithelium

Prevents squamous transition, causes adenosis

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Rhabdomyoblast staining

Desmin and Myogenin

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Retinoblastoma binds…

EF2

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What cells are required to confirm granuloma?

Epitheloid Histiocytes

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What cytokines are needed to form a granuloma?

IL-12 from Macros?

IFN-gamma from TH cells

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What is marker of hematopoetic stem cells?

CD34

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Risks of Asbestos Exposure

Typical Lung Cancer risk is greater than Mesothelioma risk

Vinyl Chloride increases the risk for......

Hepatic Angiosarcoma

CEA is marker for.....

Colorectal Cancer

Maker for pancreatic cancer

CA19-9

What carcinomas spread hematogenously?

Renal cell carcinoma, Follicular thyroid cancer, hepatic cellular carcinoma, choriocarcinoma

Microscopic findings in amyloidosis

positive birefringence with congo red stain

Marker for hepatocellular carcinoma

alpha-fetoprotein

Radiation increases the risk for.......

papillary thyroid carcinoma

Treatment for methemoglobinemia

IV Methylene Blue

What is the problem in methemoglobinemia?

Iron is oxidized to Fe3+ which can't carry oxygen

AL Amyloid

Light Chain Deposition

AA Amyloid

SAA deposition from chronic inflammation

Serum Transthyretin

Senile and Familial Amyloidosis

Amylin

amyloid deposition in pancreas

Beta2 Microglobulin

Dialysis Amyloidosis

TLR CD14

On macrophages, | Recognizes LPS of gram negatives

What does TLR activation do?

activates NFKB

What do leukotrienes do?

Vasoconstrict and increase vascular permeability

Weibel Palade Bodies

In vascular endothelial cells, contain VonWilibrand factor and P-selectin; expression is mediated by histamine

What causes E-selectin and ICAM expression on endothelial cells?

TNF and IL-1

What binds endothelial ICAMs?

Integrins on leukocytes (CD18)

Nitroblue Tetrazolium Test

Tests for NADPH oxidase function (still positive in MPO deficiency)

Sign of MPO deficiency

recurrent candida infections

What is the second signal for activating CD4+ cells?

B7 and CD28

How does diabetes cause damage?

vascular damage through non-enzymatic glycosylation | osmotic damage from sorbitol accumulation

Call Exner bodies

Granulosa Cell Tumor

Findings in Meig's Syndrome

Fibroma in ovaries, ascites, plural effusion

Reinke Crystals

Leydig Cell Tumors

Most common testicular cancer in 60+ age men

Lymphoma; typically bilateral

Difference between Phyllodes and Papilloma breast tumors

Phyllodes has greater fibrous component

PPD Positive Test Results

15mm for normal person 10mm for healthcare worker 5mm for immunocompromised

What vitamin is taken up by hepatic stellate cells?

Vitamin A

Relative speeds of cardiac conduction

Purkinje > Atria > Ventricles > AV node

What bone disease increases risk for osteosarcoma?

Pagets bone disease

Most common secondary injury with knee dislocation

popliteal artery

Where do PDE-5 inhibitors act?

Corpus Cavernosum

Composition changes of pancreatic secretions w/ speed?

Increased speed = more Cl- less bicarb?

Composition changes of salivary secretions w/ speed?

Increased speed = more Na, less K

What cancer is associated w/ Myasthenia Gravis?

Thymoma

What bug causes bullous impetigo on wounds?

Staph Aureus

What powers efflux pumps in bacteria?

H+ gradients

Is Achondorplasia more commonly inherited or denovo mutation?

90% are new mutations

What skin condition is associated w/ Celiac disease?

Dermatitis Herpetiformis