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1
Q

Hypertension in Pregnancy, Mole vs Preeclampsia

A

HTN before 20 weeks = Mole

HTN after 20 weeks = Preeclampsia

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2
Q

Smoking Risk in Pregnancy

A

Increased risk of Placental Abruption

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3
Q

How to tell difference between Placenta Previa vs Abrupto based on presentation

A 
Previa = Painless bleeding
Abrupto = Painful bleeding
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4
Q

Theca-Lutein Cysts are suggestive of…..

A

Molar Pregnancy

Increased incidence with really high BHCG

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5
Q

Major pathological finding in Yolk Sac Tumor

A

Schiller-Duval bodies (glomerulus-like)

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6
Q

Vancomycin Side Effects

A

NOT: ????

Red Man Syndrome (give slowly with histamine)

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7
Q

Macrolide Side Effects

A

MACRO?

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8
Q

NADPH Functions

A

Fatty Acid synthesis, GSH reduction

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9
Q

Marker for Colorectal Cancer

A

CEA

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10
Q

CA19-9 is a marker for…..

A

Pancreatic Cancer

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11
Q

Urine findings in extravascular hemolysis

A

Increased urobilinogen

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12
Q

What cells cause cirrhosis?

A

TGF-beta from stellate cells

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13
Q

Mallory Bodies

A

Damaged intermediate filaments

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14
Q

Blastomycosis Skin Lesions

A

Increase risk of SCC

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15
Q

What do you see on HUS smear?

A

Schistocytes

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16
Q

Haemophilus Ducreyi PE findings

A

painful chancre and inguinal lymphadenopathy

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17
Q

Cilistatin

A

Given with carbapenems to increase effect by inhibiting dehydropeptidase in kidney

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18
Q

Embryonic Derivatives of Vaginal Epithelium

A

Lower 1/3 stratified squamous from urogenital sinus

Upper 2/3 columnar epithelium from Mullerian ducts

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19
Q

DES effect on vaginal epithelium

A

Prevents squamous transition, causes adenosis

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20
Q

Rhabdomyoblast staining

A

Desmin and Myogenin

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21
Q

Retinoblastoma binds…

A

EF2

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22
Q

What cells are required to confirm granuloma?

A

Epitheloid Histiocytes

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23
Q

What cytokines are needed to form a granuloma?

A

IL-12 from Macros?

IFN-gamma from TH cells

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24
Q

What is marker of hematopoetic stem cells?

A

CD34

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25
Q

Risks of Asbestos Exposure

A

Typical Lung Cancer risk is greater than Mesothelioma risk

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26
Q

Vinyl Chloride increases the risk for……

A

Hepatic Angiosarcoma

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27
Q

CEA is marker for…..

A

Colorectal Cancer

28
Q

Maker for pancreatic cancer

29
Q

What carcinomas spread hematogenously?

A

Renal cell carcinoma, Follicular thyroid cancer, hepatic cellular carcinoma, choriocarcinoma

30
Q

Microscopic findings in amyloidosis

A

positive birefringence with congo red stain

31
Q

Marker for hepatocellular carcinoma

A

alpha-fetoprotein

32
Q

Radiation increases the risk for…….

A

papillary thyroid carcinoma

33
Q

Treatment for methemoglobinemia

A

IV Methylene Blue

34
Q

What is the problem in methemoglobinemia?

A

Iron is oxidized to Fe3+ which can’t carry oxygen

35
Q

AL Amyloid

A

Light Chain Deposition

36
Q

AA Amyloid

A

SAA deposition from chronic inflammation

37
Q

Serum Transthyretin

A

Senile and Familial Amyloidosis

38
Q

Amylin

A

amyloid deposition in pancreas

39
Q

Beta2 Microglobulin

A

Dialysis Amyloidosis

40
Q

TLR CD14

A

On macrophages,

Recognizes LPS of gram negatives

41
Q

What does TLR activation do?

A

activates NFKB

42
Q

What do leukotrienes do?

A

Vasoconstrict and increase vascular permeability

43
Q

Weibel Palade Bodies

A

In vascular endothelial cells, contain VonWilibrand factor and P-selectin; expression is mediated by histamine

44
Q

What causes E-selectin and ICAM expression on endothelial cells?

A

TNF and IL-1

45
Q

What binds endothelial ICAMs?

A

Integrins on leukocytes (CD18)

46
Q

Nitroblue Tetrazolium Test

A

Tests for NADPH oxidase function (still positive in MPO deficiency)

47
Q

Sign of MPO deficiency

A

recurrent candida infections

48
Q

What is the second signal for activating CD4+ cells?

A

B7 and CD28

49
Q

How does diabetes cause damage?

A

vascular damage through non-enzymatic glycosylation

osmotic damage from sorbitol accumulation

50
Q

Call Exner bodies

A

Granulosa Cell Tumor

51
Q

Findings in Meig’s Syndrome

A

Fibroma in ovaries, ascites, plural effusion

52
Q

Reinke Crystals

A

Leydig Cell Tumors

53
Q

Most common testicular cancer in 60+ age men

A

Lymphoma; typically bilateral

54
Q

Difference between Phyllodes and Papilloma breast tumors

A

Phyllodes has greater fibrous component

55
Q

PPD Positive Test Results

A

15mm for normal person
10mm for healthcare worker
5mm for immunocompromised

56
Q

What vitamin is taken up by hepatic stellate cells?

57
Q

Relative speeds of cardiac conduction

A

Purkinje > Atria > Ventricles > AV node

58
Q

What bone disease increases risk for osteosarcoma?

A

Pagets bone disease

59
Q

Most common secondary injury with knee dislocation

A

popliteal artery

60
Q

Where do PDE-5 inhibitors act?

A

Corpus Cavernosum

61
Q

Composition changes of pancreatic secretions w/ speed?

A

Increased speed = more Cl- less bicarb?

62
Q

Composition changes of salivary secretions w/ speed?

A

Increased speed = more Na, less K

63
Q

What cancer is associated w/ Myasthenia Gravis?

64
Q

What bug causes bullous impetigo on wounds?

A

Staph Aureus

65
Q

What powers efflux pumps in bacteria?

A

H+ gradients

66
Q

Is Achondorplasia more commonly inherited or denovo mutation?

A

90% are new mutations

67
Q

What skin condition is associated w/ Celiac disease?

A

Dermatitis Herpetiformis

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