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z_NUR112: MIDTERM_NOTES > Notes Ch: 31 - Assessment Pt. 5 > Flashcards

Notes Ch: 31 - Assessment Pt. 5 Flashcards

Abdomen and Musculoskeletal

1
Q

When assessing the abodomen, what is the order of auscultation?

A
  • Auscultation follows the large intestine
  • Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ)
  • Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ)
  • Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ)
  • Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ)
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2
Q

What are the general abdominal items assessed during inspection?

A
  • Umbilicus
  • Contour and symmetry
  • Enlarged organs or masses
  • Movements or pulsation
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3
Q

What are we listening for when auscultating the abdomen?

A
  • Bowel motility
  • Vascular sounds
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4
Q

When listening to the bowels, what 2 things are we listening for? Describe each.

A
  1. Peristalsis = no sounds = digestion not happening; indicative of blockage, etc
  2. Borborygymi = normal sounds of digestive actvitities; indicates healthy system
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5
Q

When ascultating the absomen for vascular sounds, what are we assessing for?

A

Bruits; swish sounds

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6
Q

What is the order of assessment for the abdomen?

A
  • Inspect
  • Auscultate
  • Palpate
  • Percussion (MD/NP only)
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7
Q

How is palpation performed on the abdomen?

A

light then deep

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8
Q

What is being assessed in the palpation of the abdomen?

A
  • tenderness
  • distention
  • masses
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9
Q

Flank pain is indicative of

A

kidney issues

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10
Q

How is costal vetebral angle assessed?

A

Placing hand over kidney and percussing. Pain indicates positive costal vetebral angle.

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11
Q

Puking is a sign of…

A

alkalosis

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12
Q

Diarreah is a sign of…

A

acidosis

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13
Q

When inspecting the musculoskeletal system, what general items are being assessed?

A
  • Gait (for safety/fall risk)
  • Postural abnormalities
  • Age-related changes
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14
Q

Define Lordosis

A
  • Manifests in an over arching of the back in a posterior direction
  • Also known as swayback - results in shoulders further back than hips
  • Also known as lumbar lordosis - when the lumbar have a pronounced arch making it look like the butt is pushed backward
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15
Q

Define kyphosis

A
  • Forward slouching of the shoulders and forward arching of the upper back
  • Also known as hunchback
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16
Q

Define scoliosis

A
  • Scoliosis is a sideways curvature or twist of the spine
17
Q

When assessing the musculoskeletal system, we are palpating…

A
  • joints,
  • bones,
  • muscles
18
Q

Lifting the hand upward to a 90° angle is an example of

A

hyperextension

19
Q

Holding your hands in front of you and paralel to the ground or bending your hands down to the ground in the same position are examples of…

A

flexion

20
Q

Abduction is movement _____ the medial plane.

A

away from

21
Q

Adduction is movment _____ the medial plane.

A

towards

22
Q

Pushing the shoulders toward the ground is an example of

A

depression

23
Q

Circular motions are known as…

A

circumduction

24
Q

Hands held forward, paralel to the ground with palms up is known as…

A

supination

25
Q

Hands held forward, paralel to the ground with palms down is known as…

A

pronation

26
Q

In anatomical position, moving the hands (only) away from the body is known as…

A

radial flexion

27
Q

In anatomical position, moving the hands (only) toward from the body is known as…

A

ulnar flexion

28
Q

Spreading the fingers apart is an example of _____.

A

abduction

29
Q

Lifting the foot (only) toward the head is known as…

A

dorsiflexion

30
Q

Pointing the toes of the foot away from your head (like standing on your toes) is an example of…

A

plantar flexion

31
Q

Bending the soles of the feet toward each other is an example of…

A

inversion

32
Q

Moving the soles of the feet away from each other is an example of…

A

eversion

33
Q

Define Muscular Hypertonicity

A

Muscular hypertonicity (i.e., increased passive stiffness or tightness) is defined as an unexpected degree of physical resistance to manual movement of a joint(s) on slow, gentle stretching, e.g., rotation of the neck or abduction of a shoulder

34
Q

Define Muacular Hypotonicity

A
  • State of low muscle tone (the amount of tension or resistance to stretch in a muscle), often involving reduced musclestrength.
  • Lo/no resistance to passive ROM exercises
35
Q

Define Muscle Atrophy

A
  • Muscle atrophy is when muscles waste away.
  • Caused by a lack of physical activity.
  • When a disease or injury makes it difficult or impossible for you to move an arm or leg, the lack of mobility can result in muscle wasting
36
Q

Extension at the wrist should be __ degrees, whereas flexion at the wrist should be __ degrees.

A

Extension: 70°

Flexion: 90°

37
Q

Hyperextension of fingers should be __ degrees, where as flexion should be at __ degrees.

A

Hyperextension: 30°

Flexion: 90°

38
Q

Radial flexsion should be at __ degrees, whereas ulnar flexion should be at __ degrees.

A

Radial flexion: 20°

Ulnar flexion: 55°

z_NUR112: MIDTERM_NOTES (14 decks)

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