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z_NUR112: MIDTERM_NOTES > Notes Ch: 29 - Infection Control > Flashcards

Notes Ch: 29 - Infection Control Flashcards

1
Q

What are the six points of the chain of infection?

A
  • Infectious agent
  • Reservoir
  • Portal of exit
  • Mode of Transmission
  • Portal of entry
  • Host
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2
Q

A reservoir is

A

a place where a pathogen can survive and multiply

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3
Q

List some examples of portals of exit

A
  • Skin and mucous membranes
  • Respiratory, GI, Urinary, and Reproductive tracts
  • Blood transfusions/contact
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4
Q

Describe Vehicle contact.

A
  • Contact with contaminated items
  • ex. Water, Drugs, Solutions, Blood, Food
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5
Q

Describe Vector contact.

A
  • Acquired from animals and bugs such as a: misquito, louse, flea, tick, etc
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6
Q

What is the contact category for measles, chickenpox (varicella), or tuberculosis?

What are the transmission precautions?

A
  • Category = AIRBORNE
  • Private Room
  • negative pressure airflow w/ HEPA filtration
  • PPE:
    • mask or n95 respirator (pending condition)
    • Gloves
    • Gown
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7
Q

What is the contact category for diptheria, rubella, streptococcal pharyngitis, pneumonia, mumps, etc?

What are the transmission precautions?

A
  • Category = Droplet
  • Precautions = Private room or cohort patients
  • PPE =
    • mask or respirator (pending condition)
    • Gloves
    • Gown
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8
Q

What is the contact category for MRSA, herpes, scabies, etc?

What are the transmission precautions?

A

Category = Direct/Indirect Contact

Precautions

  • Private room or cohort patients
  • Gloves
  • Gowns
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9
Q

What are the precautions for those who require a protective environgment (are immunocomprimised)?

A
  • Private room
  • Positive airflow
  • Hepa filtration
  • Mask worn by patient when out of room
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10
Q

What are the four stages of the

Infectious Process

Briefly describe each.

A
  1. Incubation: Interval between entrance of pathogen into body and appearance of first symptoms
  2. Prodromal: Symptoms go from non-specific to specific (most contagious stage)
  3. Illness: Diagnosed and treated
  4. Convalescence: Recovery time w/ full course of medication
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11
Q

What is the normal range for WBCs?

A

5-10K

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12
Q

Medical Asepsis is a _____ technique that _____ possibility of contamination.

A

clean, reduces

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13
Q

Surgical Asepsis is a _____ technique that _____ possibility of contamination.

A

sterile, prevents

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14
Q

What is the order of donning PPE?

A
  • Cap
  • Gown
  • Mask
  • Goggles
  • Gloves
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15
Q

What is the order of removing PPE?

A
  • Gloves
  • Goggles
  • Gown
  • Mask
  • Cap
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16
Q

What are the three Modes of Transmission

A
  1. Contact
  2. Vehicle
  3. Vector
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17
Q

What are the four methods of the Contact mode of transmission?

A
  1. Direct
  2. Indirect
  3. Droplet
  4. Airborne
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18
Q

Define Direct Contact

A

Person-to-person physical contact between source and susceptible host

19
Q

Define Indirect Contact

A

Personal contact of susceptible host with contaminated inanimate object

20
Q

Define Droplet Contact

A

Large particles that travel up to 3 feet during coughing, sneezing, or talking and come in contact with susceptible host

21
Q

Define Airborne Contact

A

Droplet nuclei or residue or evaporated droplets suspended in air during coughing or sneezing or carried on dust particles

22
Q

What are some examples of airborne pathogens?

A
  • Tuberculosis
  • measles
  • chickenpox
23
Q

What is an example of Droplet Contact

A

Influenza virus

24
Q

What are the three types of HAI?

A
  1. Iatrogenic
  2. Exogenous
  3. Endogenous
25
Q

Define the chacteristics of an Iatrogenic HAI.

A

acquired from procedure

26
Q

Define the chacteristics of an Exogenous HAI.

A

acquired from microorganisms outside the individual

27
Q

Define the chacteristics of an Endogenous HAI.

A

Acquired when the patient’s flora becomes altered and an overgrowth occurs.

28
Q

What are four risk factors for HAI’s

A
  1. Number of health care employees with direct contact with the the patient
  2. Types and numbers of invasive procedures
  3. Therapy receivved
  4. Length of hospitalization
29
Q

What are three major sites for HAI infection?

A
  1. Surgical or traumatic wounds
  2. Urinary and respiratory tracts
  3. Bloodstream
30
Q

What is the PPE for Contact precautions?

A
  • gloves
  • gown
31
Q

What is the PPE for Droplet precautions?

A
  • gloves
  • gown
  • mask
32
Q

What is the PPE for Airborne precautions?

A
  • gloves
  • gown
  • respirator
33
Q

What are the four stages of the Infectious Process?

A
  1. Incubation
  2. Prodromal
  3. Illness
  4. Convalescence
34
Q

Explain the Incubation period of the Infectious Process

A
  • Interval b/t entrance of pathogen into body and appearance of first symptoms
  • Length of time depends on the disease
35
Q

Explain the Prodromal stage of the Infectious Process

A
  • Interval from onset of nonspecific signs and symptoms (malaise, fatigue) to more specific symptoms (fever)
  • Most infectious period
36
Q

Explain the Illness stage of the Infectious Process

A
  • Interval when you manifest signs and symptoms specific to type of infection
  • You are diagnosed and being treated
37
Q

Explain the Convalescence stage of the Infectious Process

A
  • Take full course of medication
  • Acute symptoms of infection disappear
  • Recovery
38
Q

What are the general signs of a local infection?

A
  • Pain
  • Swelling
  • Redness
  • Heat
  • Impaired function of severely injured area
39
Q

Define Asepsis

A

absence of pathogenic microorganisms

40
Q

Medical asepsis is also known as…

A

clean technique

41
Q

Surgical asepsis is also known as…

A

sterile technique

42
Q

Define medical asepsis

A
  • A cleaning technqie that reduces the number of microorganisms is reduced; and thus, the chance of infection
  • disinfection
43
Q

Define surgical asepsis

A
  • It is a cleaning technique that eliminates microorganisms completely; and thus, the chance of infection
  • sterilization

z_NUR112: MIDTERM_NOTES (14 decks)

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