Notes Ch: 29 - Infection Control Flashcards
What are the six points of the chain of infection?
- Infectious agent
- Reservoir
- Portal of exit
- Mode of Transmission
- Portal of entry
- Host
A reservoir is
a place where a pathogen can survive and multiply
List some examples of portals of exit
- Skin and mucous membranes
- Respiratory, GI, Urinary, and Reproductive tracts
- Blood transfusions/contact
Describe Vehicle contact.
- Contact with contaminated items
- ex. Water, Drugs, Solutions, Blood, Food
Describe Vector contact.
- Acquired from animals and bugs such as a: misquito, louse, flea, tick, etc
What is the contact category for measles, chickenpox (varicella), or tuberculosis?
What are the transmission precautions?
- Category = AIRBORNE
- Private Room
- negative pressure airflow w/ HEPA filtration
- PPE:
- mask or n95 respirator (pending condition)
- Gloves
- Gown
What is the contact category for diptheria, rubella, streptococcal pharyngitis, pneumonia, mumps, etc?
What are the transmission precautions?
- Category = Droplet
- Precautions = Private room or cohort patients
- PPE =
- mask or respirator (pending condition)
- Gloves
- Gown
What is the contact category for MRSA, herpes, scabies, etc?
What are the transmission precautions?
Category = Direct/Indirect Contact
Precautions
- Private room or cohort patients
- Gloves
- Gowns
What are the precautions for those who require a protective environgment (are immunocomprimised)?
- Private room
- Positive airflow
- Hepa filtration
- Mask worn by patient when out of room
What are the four stages of the
Infectious Process
Briefly describe each.
- Incubation: Interval between entrance of pathogen into body and appearance of first symptoms
- Prodromal: Symptoms go from non-specific to specific (most contagious stage)
- Illness: Diagnosed and treated
- Convalescence: Recovery time w/ full course of medication
What is the normal range for WBCs?
5-10K
Medical Asepsis is a _____ technique that _____ possibility of contamination.
clean, reduces
Surgical Asepsis is a _____ technique that _____ possibility of contamination.
sterile, prevents
What is the order of donning PPE?
- Cap
- Gown
- Mask
- Goggles
- Gloves
What is the order of removing PPE?
- Gloves
- Goggles
- Gown
- Mask
- Cap
What are the three Modes of Transmission
- Contact
- Vehicle
- Vector
What are the four methods of the Contact mode of transmission?
- Direct
- Indirect
- Droplet
- Airborne
Define Direct Contact
Person-to-person physical contact between source and susceptible host
Define Indirect Contact
Personal contact of susceptible host with contaminated inanimate object
Define Droplet Contact
Large particles that travel up to 3 feet during coughing, sneezing, or talking and come in contact with susceptible host
Define Airborne Contact
Droplet nuclei or residue or evaporated droplets suspended in air during coughing or sneezing or carried on dust particles
What are some examples of airborne pathogens?
- Tuberculosis
- measles
- chickenpox
What is an example of Droplet Contact
Influenza virus
What are the three types of HAI?
- Iatrogenic
- Exogenous
- Endogenous
Define the chacteristics of an Iatrogenic HAI.
acquired from procedure
Define the chacteristics of an Exogenous HAI.
acquired from microorganisms outside the individual
Define the chacteristics of an Endogenous HAI.
Acquired when the patient’s flora becomes altered and an overgrowth occurs.
What are four risk factors for HAI’s
- Number of health care employees with direct contact with the the patient
- Types and numbers of invasive procedures
- Therapy receivved
- Length of hospitalization
What are three major sites for HAI infection?
- Surgical or traumatic wounds
- Urinary and respiratory tracts
- Bloodstream
What is the PPE for Contact precautions?
- gloves
- gown
What is the PPE for Droplet precautions?
- gloves
- gown
- mask
What is the PPE for Airborne precautions?
- gloves
- gown
- respirator
What are the four stages of the Infectious Process?
- Incubation
- Prodromal
- Illness
- Convalescence
Explain the Incubation period of the Infectious Process
- Interval b/t entrance of pathogen into body and appearance of first symptoms
- Length of time depends on the disease
Explain the Prodromal stage of the Infectious Process
- Interval from onset of nonspecific signs and symptoms (malaise, fatigue) to more specific symptoms (fever)
- Most infectious period
Explain the Illness stage of the Infectious Process
- Interval when you manifest signs and symptoms specific to type of infection
- You are diagnosed and being treated
Explain the Convalescence stage of the Infectious Process
- Take full course of medication
- Acute symptoms of infection disappear
- Recovery
What are the general signs of a local infection?
- Pain
- Swelling
- Redness
- Heat
- Impaired function of severely injured area
Define Asepsis
absence of pathogenic microorganisms
Medical asepsis is also known as…
clean technique
Surgical asepsis is also known as…
sterile technique
Define medical asepsis
- A cleaning technqie that reduces the number of microorganisms is reduced; and thus, the chance of infection
- disinfection
Define surgical asepsis
- It is a cleaning technique that eliminates microorganisms completely; and thus, the chance of infection
- sterilization
