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Block IV > Notes > Flashcards

Notes Flashcards

1
Q

Fracture of the lamina papyracea of the ethmoid bone could entrap what muscle? How would this affect gaze?

A

Entraps the medial rectus –> can’t gaze laterally

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2
Q

Fracture of the orbital plate of the maxilla can entrap what muscles? What would be the impact on gze?

A

Inferior rectus or inferior oblique muscles –> can’t gaze upward

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3
Q

Fracture of the cribiform plate would result in

A

Damage to olfactory nerves

Leakage of CSF through nose

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4
Q

What artery can cause nerve compression resulting in diplopia?

A

Anterior inferior cerebrellar artery compresses the abducens nerve.

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5
Q

Aneurysm of what artery can result in visual deficits of both eyes?

A

Anterior communicating artery compressing the optic chiasm

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6
Q

What two arteries can compress the ___ nerve, resulting in ptosis?

A

Superior cerebellar or posterior cerebral arteries compress the oculomotor n.

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7
Q

What artery can compress the _____ nerve, making it impossible to depress the adducted eye?

A

Superior cerebellar artery can compress the trochlear n –> can’t depress the adducted eye

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8
Q

Olfactory nerve cells’ processes pass through the cribiform plate and end in olfactory bulbs, which lie on either side of the

A

crista galli

276

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9
Q

Oculomotor nerve innervates what muscles? So youc an look where?

A

Innervates

  • superior, inferior, and medial rectus
  • Inferior oblique

Look upward & inwards

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10
Q

Can’t depress the abducted eye - what nerve and muscle are responsible?

A

Trochlear nerve innervates the superior oblique muscle,

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11
Q

The superior tarsal muscle of Muller is innnrvated by ___ and helps elevate teh eyelids. Thus, loss of innervation would result in ____.

A

superior tarsal muscle of muller innervated by sympathetics; loss of sympathetic innervation would result in partial ptosis.

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12
Q

How to test the trochlear n?

A

Look with each eye toward the tip of the nose

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13
Q

What sinus is located immediatley laterlaly to the nasal cavity?

A

Maxillary sinus

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14
Q

Where are the sensory neuron cell bodies of the trigeminal nerve (CN V)?

A

Trigeminal ganglion

Tic douloureux (trigeminal neuralgia) damages this, causing pain over the area of the distribution of the trigeminal n branches

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15
Q

Miosis, ptosis, and anhydrosis of the head and neck indicate injury to the ___ ganglion

A

superior cervical ganglion

horner’s syndrome

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16
Q

____ provides sympathetic innervation to dilate the pupil.

____ provides paraysmpathetic innervation to constrict the pupil.

A

Superior cervical ganglion provides sympathetic innervation to dilate the pupil (reflex to light)

Oculomotor nerve provides paraysmpathetic innervation to constrict the pupil.

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17
Q

_____ nerve carries sympathetic innervation to the blood vessels and mucous glands of the head and neck

A

Deep petrosal n

40

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18
Q

Orbicularis oculi is innervated by ____ and is responsible for ___ing the eye.

Two parts?

A

Innervated by facial nerve; responsible for closing the eyelid.

  • Palpebral part closes it nromally
  • Lacrimal part closes it forcibly
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19
Q

Horner’s vs Raynaud’s

A

Horner’s - absence of sympathetic innervation –> slight ptosis and miosis

Raynaud’s - excessive sympathetic vasoconstriction

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20
Q

Frey’s syndrome

A

Excessive facial sweating when thinking about food; caused in a parotidectomy that cuts the parasympathetics of the auriculotemporal nerve.

The postganglionic cholinergic axons establish synapses upon the cholinergic sweat glands post-op.

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21
Q

What runs in the mandibular foramen

A

The inferior alveolar branch of V3 passes into this foramen to drop down to the supply the mandibular teeth

112

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22
Q

Easiest place to injure the facial nerve

A

Where it exits the stylomastoid foramen

23
Q

Headaches are due to meninges.

What innervates meninges of the anterior, posterior, and middle cranial fossa?

A
  • Meningeal branches of ethmoidal nerves (from ophthalmic nerve)- anterior
  • Meningeal branches of maxillary nerve - middle
  • Meningeal branches of mandibular - posterior
24
Q

Where is the superior cervical ganglion relative to the carotid sheath?

A

Lies deep tot he sheath, but anterior to the longus capitis.

25
Q

While the superior ophthalmic vein drains directly into the cavernous sinus, the pterygoid venous plexus communicates with teh cavernous sinus through the

A

emissary veins

26
Q

Mastoiditis (infection of the mastoid air cells of the mastoid process) will affect what sinus?

A

Sigmoid sinus

Mastoiditis > mastoid emissary veins > sigmiod sinus > jugular vein

27
Q

Arachnoid villi

A

Extensions of arachnoid mater into the superior sagittal sinus that allow drainage of CSF into venous bloodstream; crucial to maintaining proper intracranial pressure

28
Q

What veins are responsible for communication between the veins of the scalp and the venous sinsues of the brain?

A

Diploic veins within the skull bone connects the emissary veins of scalp to _venous sinuse_s between the two layers of dura.

-> infection from laceration on scalp can reach venous sinuses

29
Q

Labyrinthine or endolymphatic hydrops is known as

A

Meniere’s disease

  • Intermittent hearing loss
  • tinnitis
  • spinning sensation
  • ear fullness
30
Q

Tumor at the cerebllopontine angle, such as an acoustic schwannoma, is most likely to affect what two nerves?

A

Vestibulochochlear n first, then facial n

31
Q

Corneal (blink) reflex

A

Afferent - nasociliary n of CN5

Efferent - facial n (CN7)

32
Q

Pupillary (light) reflex

A

Afferent - optic n (CN2)

Efferent - oculomotor n (CN3)

33
Q

A lesion to ____ will cause the eye to remain in a “down and out” position, partial/complete ptosis, and dilated pupil.

A

Oculomotor nerve

Paralyzed oculomotor n

  • –> lateral rectus & superior oblique unopposed
  • –> no parasympathetics going to the levator palpebrae
  • –> no parasympathetics goign to the constrictor pupillae
34
Q

Where to insert anesthesia to anesthetize orbital contents and eyelid injury?

139

A

The conjuctiva covering the sclera is supplied by the nasociliary branch, so you have to insert the needle through the upper eyelid deeply toward the orbital apex to infiltrate the nasociliary n, and also between the orbital septum and the palpebrae musculature laterally to anesthetize the lateral sensory supply from lacrimal n.

35
Q

Most common location of trochlear n injury

A

Where it pierces the dura of the tentorium cerebelli in the tentorial notch –> adducted eye can’t look down

Ex) Dashboard injury

36
Q

Chalazion

A

obstructed tarsal gland

37
Q

Major blood supply to the intima of the eye

A

Central retinal artery

38
Q

If the ____ nerve is damaged, then the uvula will deviate to the UNAFFECTED side

A

Vagus nerve –> uvula deviates to UNAFFECTED side

39
Q

Infection can spread from the pharynx to the ___ via the pharyngotympanic tube

A

middle ear

40
Q

In an inferior (blow-out) fractur eof the orbit, orbital structures would mostlikely be found inferiorly in th e___ sinus

A

Maxillary sinus is right below orbit

41
Q

What muscle is more likely to be affected if the TMJ gets inflamed?

  • Lateral pterygoid
  • Medial pterygoid
  • Masseter
  • Temporalis
  • Buccinator
A

Lateral pterygoid

42
Q

What chamber of the eye receives aqueoud humor secreted by the ciliary body first?

A

Posterior chamber -> will increase intraocular pressure

43
Q

What sinus provides the most direct access to the pituitary gland above it?

A

Sphenoidal sinus

44
Q

Hypertrophy of what tonsil could block the drainage of the auditory/eustachian tube, resulting in fluid in the middle ear?

A

Pharyngeal tonsil

45
Q

Main blood supply of the palatine tonsil

A

Facial artery’s tonsillar branch

46
Q

Which muscle is most important in jaw protrusion and jaw opening (depressing the mandible)?

A

Lateral pterygoid

47
Q

An eye infection (posterior orbit) drains into what lymph nodes?

A

Preauricular / Deep parotid nodes

48
Q

What nodes drain the superior nodes of the face and the tonsils?

A

Jugulodigastric lymph nodes

49
Q

What nodes drain the side of the cheek, lateral nose, and lips?

What nodes drain the tip of tongue and chin?

A

cheek, lateral nose, and lips = submandibular nodes

tip of tongue and chin = submental nodes

50
Q

Zenker’s pharyngeal diverticulum is a pouch that can catch stuff, causing ifnlammation, infection, abscess, and coughing. Where is it?

A

Between cricopharyngeal and thyropharyngeal portions of the inferior pharyngeal constrictor

51
Q

What nerve is in the tonsillar bed and is at risk in tonsillectomy?

A

Glossopharyngeal n

It’s in the tonsillar bed as it runs with the stylopharyngeus muscle

52
Q

What nerves are between the two heads of the lateral pterygoid muscle?

A

Lingual nerve & Buccal nerve

53
Q

What innervates the sternohyoid, sternothyroid, and omohyoid muscles?

A

Ansa cervicalis

Block IV (8 decks)

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