Notes Flashcards
Fracture of the lamina papyracea of the ethmoid bone could entrap what muscle? How would this affect gaze?
Entraps the medial rectus –> can’t gaze laterally
Fracture of the orbital plate of the maxilla can entrap what muscles? What would be the impact on gze?
Inferior rectus or inferior oblique muscles –> can’t gaze upward
Fracture of the cribiform plate would result in
Damage to olfactory nerves
Leakage of CSF through nose
What artery can cause nerve compression resulting in diplopia?
Anterior inferior cerebrellar artery compresses the abducens nerve.
Aneurysm of what artery can result in visual deficits of both eyes?
Anterior communicating artery compressing the optic chiasm
What two arteries can compress the ___ nerve, resulting in ptosis?
Superior cerebellar or posterior cerebral arteries compress the oculomotor n.
What artery can compress the _____ nerve, making it impossible to depress the adducted eye?
Superior cerebellar artery can compress the trochlear n –> can’t depress the adducted eye
Olfactory nerve cells’ processes pass through the cribiform plate and end in olfactory bulbs, which lie on either side of the
crista galli
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Oculomotor nerve innervates what muscles? So youc an look where?
Innervates
- superior, inferior, and medial rectus
- Inferior oblique
Look upward & inwards
Can’t depress the abducted eye - what nerve and muscle are responsible?
Trochlear nerve innervates the superior oblique muscle,
The superior tarsal muscle of Muller is innnrvated by ___ and helps elevate teh eyelids. Thus, loss of innervation would result in ____.
superior tarsal muscle of muller innervated by sympathetics; loss of sympathetic innervation would result in partial ptosis.
How to test the trochlear n?
Look with each eye toward the tip of the nose
What sinus is located immediatley laterlaly to the nasal cavity?
Maxillary sinus
Where are the sensory neuron cell bodies of the trigeminal nerve (CN V)?
Trigeminal ganglion
Tic douloureux (trigeminal neuralgia) damages this, causing pain over the area of the distribution of the trigeminal n branches
Miosis, ptosis, and anhydrosis of the head and neck indicate injury to the ___ ganglion
superior cervical ganglion
horner’s syndrome
____ provides sympathetic innervation to dilate the pupil.
____ provides paraysmpathetic innervation to constrict the pupil.
Superior cervical ganglion provides sympathetic innervation to dilate the pupil (reflex to light)
Oculomotor nerve provides paraysmpathetic innervation to constrict the pupil.
_____ nerve carries sympathetic innervation to the blood vessels and mucous glands of the head and neck
Deep petrosal n
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Orbicularis oculi is innervated by ____ and is responsible for ___ing the eye.
Two parts?
Innervated by facial nerve; responsible for closing the eyelid.
- Palpebral part closes it nromally
- Lacrimal part closes it forcibly
Horner’s vs Raynaud’s
Horner’s - absence of sympathetic innervation –> slight ptosis and miosis
Raynaud’s - excessive sympathetic vasoconstriction
Frey’s syndrome
Excessive facial sweating when thinking about food; caused in a parotidectomy that cuts the parasympathetics of the auriculotemporal nerve.
The postganglionic cholinergic axons establish synapses upon the cholinergic sweat glands post-op.
What runs in the mandibular foramen
The inferior alveolar branch of V3 passes into this foramen to drop down to the supply the mandibular teeth
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Easiest place to injure the facial nerve
Where it exits the stylomastoid foramen
Headaches are due to meninges.
What innervates meninges of the anterior, posterior, and middle cranial fossa?
- Meningeal branches of ethmoidal nerves (from ophthalmic nerve)- anterior
- Meningeal branches of maxillary nerve - middle
- Meningeal branches of mandibular - posterior
Where is the superior cervical ganglion relative to the carotid sheath?
Lies deep tot he sheath, but anterior to the longus capitis.
