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Block IV > Cranial Nerves + Autonomics > Flashcards

Cranial Nerves + Autonomics Flashcards

1
Q

Function of CN1

A

Olfactory nerve: special sensory - smell

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2
Q

Fxn of CN2

A

Optic nerve: special sensory - vision

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3
Q

Fxn of CN3

A

Oculomotor n:

  • Somatic motor to inferior rectus, superior rectus, inferior oblique, and medial rectus
  • Visceral motor to ciliar muscles & sphincter pupillae muscles
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4
Q

Fxn of CN4

A

Trochlear n: motor to superior oblique muscle

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5
Q

Fxn of CN5

A

Trigeminal n.

  • Sensory: face, eyes, teeth, sinuses, nasopharynx, oral cavity, nasal cavity, etc…. (most of face)
  • Motor:
    • Muscles of mastication (medial tperygoid, lateral pterygoid, masseter, temporalis)
    • Mylohyoid
    • Anterior belly of digastric
    • Tensor tympani
    • Tensor veli palatini
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6
Q

Fxn of CN6

A

Abducens n

Motor: external rectus muscle

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7
Q

Fxn of CN7

A

Facial nerve:

  • Branchial motor to
    • facial muscles
    • stapedius
    • stylohyoid
    • posterior belly of digastric
  • Visceral (parasympathetic) motor: secretomotor to
    • All salivary glands except parotid gland
    • Mucous glands in oral & nasal cavity
    • Lacrimal gland
  • Special sensory - taste (anterior 2/3 of tongue)
  • Somatic sensory - part of ext acoustic meatus & deep auricle
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8
Q

Fxn of CN8

A

Vestibulocochlear nerve: special sensory to inner ear- hearing & balance

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9
Q

Fxn of CN9

A

Glossopharyngeal n.

Motor

  • Branchial- pharyngeal musculature
  • Visceral (parasympathetic) motor - secretomotor to the parotid gland

Sensory

  • Visceral - carotid body and sinus
  • Special - taste (posterior 1/3 of tongue)
  • Somatic - posterior 1/3 of tongue, oropharynx, palatine tonsil, middle ear, pharyngotympanic tube, and mastoid air cells
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10
Q

Fxn of CN10

A

Vagus nerve

Motor: heart, lungs, bronchi, GI tract

Sensory: heart, lungs, bronchi, trachea, larynx, pharynx, GI tract, external ear

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11
Q

CN11

A

Spinal accessory n: motor to SCM & traps

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12
Q

Fxn of CN12

A

Hypoglossal n: motor (GSE) to intrinsic muscles of tongue (hypoglossus, styloglossus, genioglossus)

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13
Q

The cranial nerves are numbered according to..

A

anterior to posterior

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14
Q

Foramina through which the cranial nerves exit

A
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15
Q

The trigeminal nerve [V] innervates facial structures derived from which pharyngeal arch?

A

First

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16
Q

The facial nerve [VII] innervates facial structures derived from which pharyngeal arch?

A

Second arch

17
Q

Fxn of components of CN5

A
  • Ophthalmic nerve [V1] enters the orbit; SENSORY
    • Supra orbital & supratrochlear n: upper eyelid, forehead, scalp
    • Infratrochlear n: medial upper eyelid, side of nose, medial angle
    • Lacrimal n: lateral upper eyelid, lateral angle
    • External nasal n: anterior part of nose
  • Maxillary nerve [V2]: ​SENSORY​
    • Zygomatictemporal branch: small area of temples
    • Zygomaticofacial branch: skin over zygomatic bone
    • Infraorbital nerve: lower eyelid, cheek, side of nose, upper lip
  • Mandibular nerve [V3]: MOTOR & SENSORY
    • Auriculotemporal n: large area of temples; ext acoustic meatus; ear drum
    • Buccal nerve: cheek
    • Mental nerve: lower lip & chin
18
Q

Sensory innervation of the face and scalp by the three divisions of the trigeminal nerve, the cervical plexus, and cervical dorsal rami.

A
  • Trigeminal branches previously discussed
  • Greater occipital (C2 ramus): back of scalp
  • Third occipital (C3 ramus): back of neck
  • Transverse cervical (C2-3 ramus): side of neck
  • Lesser occipital & greater auricular (cervical plexus, C2-3): posterolateral side of head behind ear
19
Q

Branches of the ophthalmic nerve in the orbit and their distribution (green)

A

Supra orbital & supratrochlear n: upper eyelid, forehead, scalp

Infratrochlear n: medial upper eyelid, side of nose, medial angle

Lacrimal n: lateral upper eyelid, lateral angle

External nasal n: anterior part of nose

20
Q

How does sensory and motor part of the mandibular n enter the infratemporal fossa?

A
  • Sensory portion drops between the tensor veli palatini & upper head of lateral pterygoid muscle
    • All branches of V3 originate in the infratemporal fossa.
  • The small motor root of the trigeminal nerve [V] passes through the foramen ovale and joins the sensory part
21
Q

Name all the branches of the mandibular nerve and the nerve types

A
  • Meningeal branch - sensory
  • Nerve to medial pterygoid - motor
  • Anterior trunk - mostly motor
    • Buccal (sensory*)
    • Masseteric
    • Deep temporal
    • Nerve to lateral pterygoid
  • Posterior trunk - mostly sensory
    • Auriculotemporal
    • Lingual
    • Inferior alveolar
      • Gives n. to mylohyoid (motor*)
22
Q

Meningeal branch of V3 supplies sensory innervation to

A
  • Dura mater of middle cranial fossa
  • Mastoid cells that communicate with middle ear
23
Q

N to medial pterygoid supplies motor to

A

deep surface of the medial pterygoid muscle

24
Q

The auriculotemporal nerve carries what fiber types and to where?

A
  • Postganglionic parasympathetic and sympathetic GVE’s to the parotid gland
  • Sensory GSA’s to the
    • temporomandibular joint
    • skin of auricle
    • scalp
25
Q

What is the lingual nerve’s main function?

A

Sensory branch that carries general sensation from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue

26
Q

Relationship between lingual nerve (from V3) & chorda tympani (from CN7)

A

The lingual n (carries general sensation from anterior 2/3 of tongue) is joined high in the infratemporal fossa by the chorda tympani (carries taste from same area).

Chorda tympani’s preganglionic parasympathetic fibers go through the submandibular ganglion, which hangs off the lingual n in the floor of the oral cavity. Then, it either reenters the lingual n to run with it, or it goes straight to glands.

27
Q

Describe the inferior alveolar nerve’s fxns

A
  • Mostly sensory, but has one motor branch: nerve to mylohyoid innervates the mylohyoid muscle and anterior belly of digastric
  • Innervates lots of teeth before dividing into terminal branches:
    • Mental nerve: innervates lower lip & skin
    • Incisive branch: innervates canine & incisor teeth
28
Q

Course of facial nerve

A
  1. Starts in the pons with a large motor root and a small sensory root
  2. The roots leave through the internal acoustic meatus, and enter the facial canal where they
    1. Fuse
    2. Form the geniculate ganglion
    3. Give rise to the greater petrosal n, n. to stapedius, and chorda tympani.
  3. Leave the canal via the stylomastoid foramen right behind the temporal bone’s styloid process.
  4. Gives off the first extracranial branch: the posterior auricular nerve, which gives motor innervation to the posterior belly of the digastric muscle and the stylohyoid muscle.
  5. Main trunk goes to parotid gland, where it doesn’t inervate it, but terminates into 5 branches (TZBMC) that innervate facial expression muscles
    1. Temporal, Zygomatic, Buccal, Marignal mandibular, cervical
29
Q

Course of glossopharyngeal nerve

A
  1. Medulla oblongata
  2. Jugular foramen, gives off tympanic nerve
    1. Superior and inferior/petrous ganglia right outside contain the cell bodies of the sensory fibers
  3. Down the neck, anterolateral to internal carotid artery
    1. Gives off motor branches to the stylopharyngeus​ muscle
    2. Gives rise to carotid sinus nerve that gives sensation to carotid sinus and body
  4. Enter the pharynx and divide into lingual, tonsil, and pharyngeal branches.
30
Q

Course of hypoglossal n

A
  1. Medulla oblongata
  2. Runs across posterior cranial fossa in the subarachnoid space
  3. Hypoglossal canal
  4. Travels in a sheath with branch from the cervical plexus that conducts fibers from C1/C2 spinal nerve roots
  5. Goes down to the mandible, crossing the int & ext carotid arteries
  6. Tongue : hyloglossus, styloglossus, and genioglossus muscles
31
Q

Innervation of parotid gland

A
  • Sensory - auriculotemporal
  • Parasympathetic innervation (increase salivation)
    • Glossopharyngeal n > otic ganglion > auriculotemporal n
  • Sympathetic innervation (decrease salivation): superior cervical ganglion
32
Q
A

Block IV (8 decks)

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