Notes Flashcards
what is table salt
sodium chloride (Nacl)
What happens if low blood sodium
(Renin) Angiotensin & Aldosterone increase kidney reabsorption of sodium
what happens if v high blood sodium
antidiuretic hormone stimulates kidneys to reabsorb water
Phosphorous is never ‘free phosphorous’ in nature.
What is it usually bound to
oxygen
what happens in hyperkalaemia
insulin, aldosterone & adrenalin stimulate potassium uptake by body cells (K out of blood)
what happens in hypokalaemoa
K is released from body cells into the blood
which 2 food substances can decrease Ca absorption
Oxalic acid
phytates
What happens if high blood calcium
thyroid releases calcitonin which inhibits vit D & osteoclasts, and inhibits kidney/intestinal reabsorption
what happens if low blood calcium
parathyroid hormone stimulates vit D, osteoclasts and kidney/intestinal reabsoprtion
which substances in food bind to Zinc and make it less available
phytates
oxalates
polyophenols
which is the storage protein that releases Zinc as needed
metallothionen
what happens to zinc in the pancreas
it becomes a component of digestive enzymes
what has enterohepatic circulation to do with zinc
zinc gets recycled back to the pancreas from the digestive enzymes via enterohepatic circulation
which type of iron is from flesh foods
haem iron
which type of iron is from plants
non-haem iron
what stores iron in the small intestine
ferritin
what transports iron through the blood and through the cells/rest of body
mucosal transferrin - through the blood
blood transferrin - rest of body e.g. marrow
6 things that can inhibit iron absorption
oxalates phytates polyphenols tannic acid high calcium eggs
if iron is not bound to ferritin what can happen
it feeds bad bacteria
where is iron stored
in ferritin in liver
bone marrow
spleen
how does iron get to bone marrow for erythropoeisis
blood ferritin carries it there
what does the liver do if it has really high iron stores
converts ferritin to hemosiderin
releases it more slowly
how is the iron in RBCs recycled
blood transferrin returns them to the bone marrow to be made into new RBCs
what are selenoproteins
selenocysteine-containing proteins
which hormone controls the iodine collection rate
Thyroid stimulating hormone
how does the thyroid gland capture iodine from the blood
via a pump
what is thyroid hormone made up of
iodine
tyrosine
thyroglobulin
where is fluoride stored
bones and teeth
