Notes

Question 1

what is table salt

Answer 1

sodium chloride (Nacl)

Question 2

What happens if low blood sodium

Answer 2

(Renin) Angiotensin & Aldosterone increase kidney reabsorption of sodium

Question 3

what happens if v high blood sodium

Answer 3

antidiuretic hormone stimulates kidneys to reabsorb water

Question 4

Phosphorous is never ‘free phosphorous’ in nature.

What is it usually bound to

Answer 4

oxygen

Question 5

what happens in hyperkalaemia

Answer 5

insulin, aldosterone & adrenalin stimulate potassium uptake by body cells (K out of blood)

Question 6

what happens in hypokalaemoa

Answer 6

K is released from body cells into the blood

Question 7

which 2 food substances can decrease Ca absorption

Answer 7

Oxalic acid

phytates

Question 8

What happens if high blood calcium

Answer 8

thyroid releases calcitonin which inhibits vit D & osteoclasts, and inhibits kidney/intestinal reabsorption

Question 9

what happens if low blood calcium

Answer 9

parathyroid hormone stimulates vit D, osteoclasts and kidney/intestinal reabsoprtion

Question 10

which substances in food bind to Zinc and make it less available

Answer 10

phytates
oxalates
polyophenols

Question 11

which is the storage protein that releases Zinc as needed

Answer 11

metallothionen

Question 12

what happens to zinc in the pancreas

Answer 12

it becomes a component of digestive enzymes

Question 13

what has enterohepatic circulation to do with zinc

Answer 13

zinc gets recycled back to the pancreas from the digestive enzymes via enterohepatic circulation

Question 14

which type of iron is from flesh foods

Answer 14

haem iron

Question 15

which type of iron is from plants

Answer 15

non-haem iron

Question 16

what stores iron in the small intestine

Answer 16

ferritin

Question 17

what transports iron through the blood and through the cells/rest of body

Answer 17

mucosal transferrin - through the blood

blood transferrin - rest of body e.g. marrow

Question 18

6 things that can inhibit iron absorption

Answer 18

oxalates
phytates
polyphenols
tannic acid
high calcium
eggs

Question 19

if iron is not bound to ferritin what can happen

Answer 19

it feeds bad bacteria

Question 20

where is iron stored

Answer 20

in ferritin in liver
bone marrow
spleen

Question 21

how does iron get to bone marrow for erythropoeisis

Answer 21

blood ferritin carries it there

Question 22

what does the liver do if it has really high iron stores

Answer 22

converts ferritin to hemosiderin

releases it more slowly

Question 23

how is the iron in RBCs recycled

Answer 23

blood transferrin returns them to the bone marrow to be made into new RBCs

Question 24

what are selenoproteins

Answer 24

selenocysteine-containing proteins

Question 25

which hormone controls the iodine collection rate

Answer 25

Thyroid stimulating hormone

Question 26

how does the thyroid gland capture iodine from the blood

Answer 26

via a pump

Question 27

what is thyroid hormone made up of

Answer 27

iodine
tyrosine
thyroglobulin

Question 28

where is fluoride stored

Answer 28

bones and teeth