Notes Flashcards
Turing Notes Into Flash Cards
What is the physical layer and data link layer’s standard for wired Ethernet networks?
IEEE 802.3 Standard
What is a type of wiring in which two conductors of a single circuit are twisted together?
Twisted Pair Cable
What pair of wires are twisted together, without additional shielding being added to the cable?
Unshielded Twisted Pair
Lightweight
Flexible
Cost-effective
What does Shielded Twisted Pair cabling protect against?
Electromagnetic Interference (EMI)
STP reduces crosstalk, noise, and interference
More Expensive
Bulky
More difficult to install
What category cabling does the following characteristic fall under?
100Mbps
100 meters maximum
100MHz frequency
100 Base-T (Fast Ethernet)
Cat 5
What category cabling does the following characteristic fall under?
1000Mbps/1Gbps
100 meters maximum
100MHZ frequency
Cat 5e
1000Base-T
What is the difference between Cat 5 and Cat 5e
Cat 5e contains more twists than Cat 5, reducing crosstalk as the data is transmitted over the cable. Also Cat 5e supports PoE.
What category cabling does the following characteristic fall under?
1Gbps
100 meters maximum
250MHz Frequency
If 55 meters or less, supports 10Gbps
Cat 6
10G Base-T (Gigabit Ethernet)
What category cabling does the following characteristic fall under?
10 Gbps
100 meters maximum
500Mhz frequency
10G Base-T
Cat 6a (Augmented)
What category cabling does the following characteristic fall under?
10Gbps
100 meters maximum
600MHz frequency
Cat 7
10G Base-T (10-Gigabit)
What category cabling does the following characteristic fall under?
Up to 40Gbps
30 meters maximum
2000 MHz/2 GHz frequency
Cat 8
Mostly used in data centers and enterprise applications
What type of cable consists of a single copper conductor at its core, with an insulating layer and a conductive shield covering?
Coaxial (Coax) Cable
What form of coaxial cable is a form of fixed assembly copper cabling used to connect switches to routers or servers?
Direct Attach Copper (DAC)
What is a standardized telecommunication network interface for connecting voice and data equipment to a service provided by a local exchange carrier or long-distance carrier?
Registered Jack (RJ-X)
X is just a placeholder for the specific standard (e.g., RJ-11, RJ-45
What is used with coaxial cables for various applications like high-speed Internet connections, televisions connections, and radio communications?
Radio Guide (RG-X)
X is just a placeholder for the specific standard (e.g.. RG-6, RG-59)
What is a standard connector for cable television and satellite connections, and can also be used for cable Internet connections?
F-Type connector
What is a standard connector for coaxial cables, and predominantly used in residential and commercial settings?
Radio Guide 6 (RG-6)
What is an older specification for coaxial cables that used to be very common for television and radio signal transmission?
Radio Guide 59 (RG-59)
What is a connector that is characterized by its secure bayonet locking mechanism?
Bayonet Neill-Concelman Connector (BNC)
Push and twist style connector
Connection professional video providers
Endpoint devices that connect to a piece of data communications equipment or DCE (e.g., laptops, desktops, servers, and routers)
Data Terminal Equipment (DTE)
In cable connections, things like switches, modems, hubs, and bridges are examples of what type of equipment?
Data Communications Equipment (DCE)
What type of cable can you connect DTE to DCE/DCE to DTE?
Data Terminal Equipment to Data Communications Equipment
Straight-through cable
What type of cable can you connect DTE to DTE/DCE to DCE?
Data Terminal Equipment to Data Terminal Equipment
Data Communications Equipment to Data Communications Equipment.
Crossover cable
In terms of switches, what is an automated way to electronically simulate a crossover cable even if using a straight-through patch cable?
Medium Dependent Interface Crossover (MDIX)
auto-sensing
What type of media is used to transmit data using light instead of electrical impulses?
Fiber Media
Some characteristics of Fiber Media:
Immunity to EMI (Electromagnetic Interference)
Extended data transmission range
Higher data transfer speeds
What type of fiber media is designed for long-distance communication and features a small glass core typically around 8.3 to 10 microns in diameter?
Single-mode Fiber (SMF)
Used in Backbone installations
Large networks
connections between network segments over vast areas of land.
What type of fiber is tailored for shorter distances because it has a lager fiber core size that ranges from 50 to 100 microns?
Multi-mode Fiber (MMF)
Due to a larger fiber core, it facilitates multiple light paths, benefiting shorter-distance data transmission.
What fiber connector is known for its square shape and push-pull design that offers a secure and simple connection mechanism?
Hint: Stick and Click
Subscriber Connector (stick-and-click)
What fiber connector is distinguished by a compact size that utilizes a push-pull mechanism similar to the SC but in a much smaller form factor?
Love Connector
Lucent Connector (Love Connector)
Smaller size, better port density
User pair together with send and receive sides (Love)
What fiber connector has a round shape and a twist-lock mechanism that offers a robust and reliable connector type for use in networks?
Hint: stick and twist
Straight Tip Connector (ST)
aka Stick-and-twist
What fiber connector features a small, rectangular design and houses both the transmit and receive fibers in a single connector?
Mechanical Transfer Registered Jack (MTRJ)
What fiber connector is designed to accommodate multiple fibers in a single connector to significantly increase the capacity and flexibility of the fiber networks?
Multi-Fiber Push On (MPO)
With fiber connections and data transfer, connectors have light back reflection that affects the transfer speed and distance data can transfer. What can be added to the connector to reduce back reflection?
Polish
What type of polish has a slight curvature and provides the least effective reduction in back reflection?
Physical Contact
What type of polish has a dome-shaped end face?
Ultra Physical Contact
Updated and better version of Physical Contact
What type of polish uses an angled polish to greatly reduce back reflection?
Angled-Physical Contact
What is a generalized term for any device that can both transmit and receive data?
Transceiver
Transceivers can convert or translate the data sent by one protocol to another protocol.
e.g., Can convert an Ethernet signal over a copper signal to a fiber signal
What is a family of computer networking technologies commonly used in local area networks (LANs), metropolitan area networks (MANs), and wide area networks (WANs)?
Ethernet
High-speed network technology primarily used to connect computer data storage to servers in storage area networks
Fibre Channel (FC)
Media converters and transceivers are considered what layer of the OSI model?
Layer 1
Transceivers and media converters translate signals and repeat them
Which modules are faster between QSFP and SFP?
QSFP (Quad-small form factor pluggable)
What is an organized system to connect the network’s backbone in MDF to the IDF and to end user’s wall jacks?
Cable Distribution System
What is the location at which the Internet service provider’s connection ends and the network infrastructure and cabling begin?
Demarcation Point
What is the main starting point for all interior cabling that will be distributed throughout the facility?
Main Distribution Frame
What is a device or unit featuring a number of jacks for the use of connecting and routing circuits for monitoring, interconnecting, and testing circuits in a convenient and flexible manner?
Patch Panel
What is the strategic method of air distributions in which server racks are positioned in alternating rows with cold and hot air?
Port-side Exhaust and Intake
Cold air intake faces one aisle and hot air exhaust faces another to prevent mixing of cold and hot air
What is the most basic type of fire suppression system that involves using a sprinkler system and pipes that always contain water?
Wet Pipe System
What helps minimize the risk of accidental releases when using a wet pipe system?
Pre-action System
Detector and sprinkler must be tripped to activate the system.
What utilizes a clean agent as part of its suppression system?
Suppression System
Releases a gas to displace the oxygen in the room to suffocate the fire.
What type of network allows devices to connect directly to each other instead of through a central access point?
Ad Hoc
a.k.a
Independent Basic Service Set (IBSS)
Typically does not provide Internet access. A good way to do quick file sharing between two computers.
What type of network connects devices through a wireless access point into a wired local area network?
Infrastructure Wireless Network
What is the Basic Service Set Identifier (BSSID) set to in a wireless local area network?
MAC address of the wireless access point
What creates a larger network that shares the same SSID of a wireless network to allow for seamless connectivity across a building?
Extended Service Set (ESS)
What type of network connects two distinct locations over long distances using high-gain antennas?
Point-to-Point
Similar to ad hoc, but point-to-point has a fixed location. Convenient when wired connections are not available.
What is a standalone device that contains all of the intelligence to handle wireless networking functions independently?
Autonomous Access Point
Usually good for SOHO networks ( Think home wifi router)
Multiple access points connecting back to a centralized controller
Lightweight Access Point
Simpler than autonomous, think enterprise and larger networks. Can propagate changes to all nodes using centralized controller.
One of the most widely used frequencies for wireless networking and known for its long-range and better penetration through solid objects.
2.4GHz band
What channels are available to use in the 2.4GHz channel?
Channels 11, 13, 14 depending on where you’re located
i.e. Japan, United States, Canada, etc
What channels do not overlap in the 2.4GHz band?
Channels 1, 6, 11
What 802.11 wireless standard operates in 5GHz band at the speed of up to 54Mbps with a range of around 35 meters?
802.11a
What 802.11 wireless standard operates in the 2.4GHz band at the speed of up to 11Mbps with a range of about 140 meters?
802.11b
What 802.11 wireless standard operates in 2.4GHz band at a speed of up to 54Mbps with a range of 140 meters?
802.11g
What 802.11 wireless standard operates in 5GHz band at the speed of up to 600Mbps with a range of about 35 meters?
802.11n
What 802.11 wireless standard operates in 5GHz band at speeds exceeding 6.9Gbps?
802.11ac
utilizes MIMI (Multiple-in, Multiple-out)
What 802.11 wireless standard operates in 2.4, 5, and 6GHz bands at speeds up to 9.6Gbps?
802.11ax
What are the ONLY duel-band standards support in 802.11? Supporting 2.4GHz and 5GHz frequencies
Wireless n
WIreless ax
What is a security authentication where the same password or key is being used on both the wireless access point and the connecting client devices trying to gain access to the network?
Pre-Shared Key (PSK)
Challenges with PSK:
Every one uses the exact same key to access the network. If someone leaves the company or a relationship changes, the key will have to be changed and redistributed to everyone who previously had access.
What is the original wireless security standard that is an insecure security protocol?
Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP)
Never to be used. Easy to be hacked by Brute Force attacks.
WEP uses a 24-bit Initialization Vector (IV), a series of 1’s and 0’s sent in plaintext over the network, these can be captured by an attacker and reverse engineered to crack the Pre-Shared Key
What wireless security standard uses Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP)?
Wi-fi Protected Access. Designed as a replacement for WEP. Uses TKIP, a new vector that is 48 bits in lengths.
Easy to crack by modern standards.
What wireless security standard was created as part of the IEEE 802.11i standard?
Wi-Fi Protected Access 2 (WPA2)
First implemented with wireless g, then wireless n, wireless a, and wireless ac network.
Uses Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), 128-bit, 192-bit, 256-bit encryption.
CCMP
