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Intro to Criminal Justice > Notes > Flashcards

Notes Flashcards

anything not found in other decks (misc.)

1
Q

What is a commonly used term in reference to codes/laws when people are objecting/validating?

A

“technically.”

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2
Q

What is the “social contract” that exists between police and citizens?

A

An unspoken agreement that police will protect and serve the public while citizens respect and obey the law.

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3
Q

What is “Police Discretion?”

A

Allows police to make decisions based on their own experience and opinion rather than following strict rules.

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4
Q

What are the major operating units of modern police departments?

A

Patrol, investigations, and administration.

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5
Q

What is the difference between the police and the sheriff’s departments?

A

Their jurisdictions; the police are appointed by the city and serve within city limits, while the sheriff is elected by the county and serves throughout the entire county.

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6
Q

Name three Federal Law Enforcement Agencies and tell me what they do (examples given).

A
  1. The FBI investigates federal crimes and protects the United States from domestic and foreign threats.
  2. The DEA enforces federal drug laws and investigates drug trafficking organizations.
  3. The ATF regulates and enforces laws related to alcohol, tobacco, firearms, and explosives.
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7
Q

Name three state law enforcement agencies and tell me what they do (example given).

A
  1. State Highway Patrol: Enforces traffic laws, investigates accidents, and assists local law enforcement with major crimes.
  2. State Bureau of Investigation: Conducts investigations into serious crimes that cross county or jurisdictional lines, such as homicides, organized crime, and narcotics trafficking.
  3. State Fish and Wildlife Department: Enforces hunting and fishing regulations, protects natural resources, and investigates wildlife crimes.
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8
Q

What is the difference between subject matter jurisdiction and geographical jurisdiction?

A

Subject matter jurisdiction determines the court’s authority to hear a specific type of case, while geographical jurisdiction determines the court’s authority to hear a case based on the location of the crime or incident.

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9
Q

What is the difference between reactive patrol and proactive patrol?

A

Reactive patrol responds to calls for service, while proactive patrol is proactive in preventing crime by patrolling high-crime areas and engaging with the community.

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10
Q

Name the top three things police officers get in trouble for and may face termination because of.

A

Excessive force, misconduct, and dishonesty.

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11
Q

Define police subculture.

A

A shared set of values and beliefs among police officers that often includes a strong sense of loyalty and a reluctance to report misconduct by fellow officers.

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12
Q

Explain the Code of Silence.

A

An unwritten rule among police officers that prohibits them from reporting misconduct by other officers, even if it violates the law.

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13
Q

What is probable cause?

A

That which leads a police officer to believe an offense has been committed or is being committed and the suspect committed it.

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14
Q

What is a warrantless arrest?

A

When a police officer arrests someone without having a warrant from a judge (any other legal authorization).

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15
Q

What is the totality of circumstances?

A

Whether an officer’s actions are “reasonable” in light of all the facts and circumstances confronting the officer at the time the force is used.

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16
Q

What is an arrest warrant?

A

A court order that provides law enforcement officers with the authority to seek out the subject and arrest him or her.

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17
Q

What is a search warrant?

A

A court order signed by a judge or magistrate that allows a police officer search a person, a place, or a car for proof of a crime.

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18
Q

What is a search incident to arrest?

A

It is reasonable for the officer making the arrest to search the person being arrested to get rid of any weapons that person might try to use to fight the arrest or get away. If not, the officer’s life could be at risk, and the arrest would not go as planned.

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19
Q

What does ‘plain view’ mean?

A

A rule of criminal process that says a police officer may collect visible evidence of a crime without a warrant.

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20
Q

What is consent in law?

A

When someone agrees to what someone else has suggested on their own free will.

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21
Q

What are the Miranda Rights?

A

The rights that the person being arrested must be told about, such as the right to stay silent and to have an attorney

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22
Q

What is the exclusionary rule?

A

A law that prohibits the use of evidence gathered or examined against the defendant’s constitutional rights in court; prevents the government from using most evidence gathered in violation of the United States Constitution.

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23
Q

What is reasonable suspicion?

A

Where any reasonable person would suspect that a crime was in the process of being committed, had been committed, or was going to be committed very soon.

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24
Q

T/F: Deterrence is a theory that always works.

A

False, it may or may not happen.

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25
Q

What does it mean to defile something?

A

Make unclean.

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26
Q

What’s a few ethical behaviors we expect from law enforcement?

A

Not biased (fair), trustworthiness, honesty, maturity, CARING, professional, knowledgeable/trained (make good decisions under stress), accountability.

27
Q

What is the “social contract”?

A

An unspoken agreement for citizens to limit their rights in exchange for safety.

28
Q

What did the Graham vs. Connor do for law?

A

Establishes that the reasonableness of force is judged from the perspective of a reasonable officer on the scene.

29
Q

What did the Tennessee vs. Garner do for law?

A

Addresses the use of deadly force, stating it’s permissible only if there’s probable cause to believe the suspect poses a significant threat.

30
Q

What does the 3-pronged test, taken from the Graham vs. Connor case, establish specifically?

A

Severity of the crime, immediate threat, and resistance to arrest .

31
Q

What is the code of silence?

A

When police officers keep silent concerning other officers’ misconduct or issues they make within their positions.

32
Q

What are the four basic responsibilities of the police?

A

To enforce laws, to provide services, to prevent crime, and to preserve the peace.

33
Q

How did the patronage system affect policing?

A

During the political era of policing (1840–1930), bribes paid by citizens and business owners often went into the coffers of the local political party. This was known as the patronage system.

34
Q

How did intelligence-led policing work and how does it benefit modern police departments?

A

Uses past crime patterns to predict when and where crime will occur in the future. In theory, intelligence-led policing allows police administrators to use fewer resources because it allows them to focus their attention on “hot spots.”

35
Q

What is the primary goal of police de-escalation?

A

De-escalation is a strategy designed to reduce the likelihood that a police officer will use force when coming in contact with a civilian.

36
Q

What are some of the tactics used to achieve de-escalation?

A

Use verbal commands and increase distance between the civilian and themselves.

37
Q

What’s the difference between the police academy and field training as learning tools for recruits?

A

The police academy is a controlled environment where police recruits learn the basics of policing from instructors in classrooms. In contrast, field training takes place in the “real world”: The recruit goes on patrol with an experienced police officer.

38
Q

What’s some of the benefits that female police officers bring to law enforcement?

A

Female officers are brave and strong, but they also put people at ease, making them more effective on service calls. When faced with violence, policewomen use verbal skills more than force. This makes them less likely to be disciplined for excessive force than male officers.

39
Q

What’s the main advantage of a racially and ethnically diverse police force?

A

Minority police officers often communicate better with citizens, especially in diverse communities. Higher credibility helps officers maintain order and solve and prevent crimes.

40
Q

In short terms, what’s some of the similarities and differences between local police departments and sheriffs’ departments?

A

Sheriffs’ and police departments are local law enforcement agencies with overlaps. Most police departments are under city control, while sheriffs’ departments are county-level. Sheriffs are elected, while police chiefs are appointed by the city government. Sheriffs investigate and prevent crime like local police. Sheriffs’ departments run jails and secure courthouses, unlike most local police departments.

41
Q

What are some of the most important law enforcement agencies under the control of the Department of Homeland Security?

A

U.S. Customs and Border Protection, U.S. Border Patrol, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, and U.S. Secret Service.

42
Q

What do U.S. Customs and Border Protection and the Border Patrol do?

A

Polices the flow of goods and people across U.S. international borders and oversees the U.S. Border Patrol.

43
Q

What does the U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement do?

A

Investigates and enforces our nation’s immigration and customs laws.

44
Q

What does the U.S. Secret Service do?

A

Protects high-ranking federal government officials and federal property.

45
Q

What’s some of the duties of the FBI?

A

Protect the US from terrorist attacks and other threats to national security. The FBI investigates federal crimes, including white-collar crime, kidnapping, bank robbery, and civil rights violations. Its crime laboratories and databases support state and local law enforcement.

46
Q

What is the “code of silence”?

A

The practice of police officers not reporting misconduct by other officers.

47
Q

What is the duty to report?

A

The ethical obligation of police officers to report misconduct, even if it involves fellow officers.

48
Q

What is the duty to intervene?

A

The ethical obligation of police officers to intervene when they witness misconduct by other officers.

49
Q

What is the role of internal affairs in police departments?

A

Internal affairs is responsible for investigating allegations of misconduct within the department.

50
Q

What is the role of external agencies, such as the DCI or FBI, in investigating police misconduct?

A

External agencies can investigate police misconduct, especially in cases involving serious allegations or systemic issues.

51
Q

What are the four basic responsibilities of the police?

A

Enforcing laws, preventing crime, preserving public order, and providing services.

52
Q

What is the purpose of saturation patrol?

A

Involves increasing police presence in a specific area to deter crime and enhance public safety.

53
Q

What is community policing?

A

Community policing is a policing strategy that emphasizes building strong relationships between police officers and the community they serve.

54
Q

What is problem-oriented policing?

A

Involves identifying specific crime problems, analyzing their causes, and developing tailored solutions to address them.

55
Q

How can crime mapping help law enforcement agencies?

A

Crime mapping can help identify crime patterns, allocate resources effectively, and make data-driven decisions to improve public safety.

56
Q

What is 10-33 mean?

A

Help me quick!

57
Q

Why should police officers avoid accepting gratuities?

A

Accepting gratuities can compromise an officer’s integrity and impartiality.

58
Q

What is the purpose of a code of ethics for law enforcement officers?

A

Provides guidelines for ethical behavior and helps maintain public trust.

59
Q

What is an ethical dilemma?

A

situation where a difficult choice must be made between two or more morally conflicting options.

60
Q

What is the most important factor for police officers to preserve?

A

Life and property.

61
Q

What does O.I.S. mean?

A

Officer involved shooting.

62
Q

What is the 4th Amendment?

A

Protects from government intrusion; no unreasonable searches and seizures.

63
Q

What is a terry frisk?

A

A search outer clothing for weapons.

Intro to Criminal Justice (8 decks)

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