Notes Flashcards
(22 cards)
Teratogens
Environmental factors that can cause abnormalities or developmental problems in developing fetus
Disorders involving language, reasoning, attention, social behavior or emotions
Attachment
Enduring emotional connection that can motivate care, protection, and
social support.
four stages of cognitive development
Sensorimotor stage
Pre operational stage
Concrete operational stage
Formal operational stage
Sensorimotor stage
For birth to around 2 years
Learn about world though their sense and motor activities
Pre-operational stage
Around 2 to 7 years
Develop language and ability to use symbols to represent objects and events
Also begin to think logically but are still limited in their ability to understand abstract concepts
Concrete operational stage
7 to 11 year s
Skilled at logical thinking and are able to understand concrete concepts like convos
Formal operational
11 to adulthood
Capable of abstract and hypothetical thinking
Reason logically about hypothetical situations and make predictions based on oficial and reasoning
Object permanence:
The understanding that objects continue to exist even when
they cannot be seen or heard.
Principle of conservation:
The understanding that even though the appearance of an
object may change, its properties (such as its quantity or volume) remain the same.
Egocentrism:
The tendency to view the world from one’s own perspective and have
difficulty taking another person’s point of view.
Abstract thinking
Ability to think about ideas and hypothetical situations
Amygdala
Heightened emotional reactivity
Prefrontal cortex
Supporting impulse control and decision making
Psychoanalytic/ Psychodynamic
Unconscious conflicts and early childhood experiences in shaping personality
ID: pleasure
Ego: reality
Superego: internalized social and moral values
Trait theory:
identification and measurement of consistent patterns of
behavior, thought, and emotion that make up an individual’s personality.
aim to identify and measure these traits using self-report questionnaires, factor analysis,
and other empirical methods.
Humanistic theory:
emphasizes the role
of personal growth, self-actualization, and subjective experience in shaping personality.
Individuals have an innate drive to reach their full potential and to express themselves
authentically.
sell-awareness
personal choice, and positive regard in promoting psychological well-being and personal
growth.
Biological Perspective:
personality as being influenced by genetic factors and brain
chemistry.
temperament of an
individual is thought to be a biological basis for personality,
Social-Cognitive Perspective:
personality as being shaped by the interaction between
personal and situational factors.
interpret and construct their own experiences and environments,
Frauds psychodynamic theory
ID: present from birth- gratification of basic needs and desires (hunger thirst sex urges) without care to morality or social norms - unconscious (devil)
Ego: middle man or superego and ID - conscious rational part of the personality to mediate between superego and ID
Superego: enforcing rules - values of society (angel)
Self actualization
Concept in humanistic psychology that refers to the innate desire to realize ones full potential and achieve fulfillment
Personal growth and development
Locus of control
Degree to which individuals believe that they have control over their environment and their outcomes
Internal: behavior can influence outcomes
External: believe that external factors (Luck) determine their outcomes
Uncond positive regard
Unconditional positive regard from others to develop a positive self concept and reach full potential
Non judgmental
