Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Evolution Test 4 > Notes 1 > Flashcards

Notes 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Geographic isolation

A

reduction/prevention of gene flow due to some extrinsic geographic barrier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Allopatric

A

populations in separated geographic areas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Parapatric

A

populations in adjacent geographic areas that meet at the border

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Sympatric

A

populations in the same geographical area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Sister species

A

species pairs that are each others’ closest relatives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Subspecies

A

populations within a species that can interbreed but dierrer at one or more significant traits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Ecotype

A

phenotypic variant in a plant species associated with a particular habitat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Polytypic species

A

geographically variable species, often divided in subspecies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Premating barriers

A

Imped transfer of gametes to members of a different species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

3 types of premating barriers

A

geographic isolation
ecological isolation
behavioral isolation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Geographical isolation

A

species contact is prevented by some topographic feature or patch of unfavorable habitat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Example of geographical isolation

A

2 different sunflower species, one gorws in NM and one in Texas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

2 types of ecological isolation

A

temporal

spatial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Example of temporal ecological isolation

A

1 cricket breeds early in the year and overwinters as a nymph and one breeds late in the year and overwinters as eggs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Example of spatial ecological isolation

A

Lady bugs feed and mate on their own host plant, they don’t interact with others. They may be in the same area, but they don’t mate.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Example of behavioral isolation

A

Albatross individuals don’t respond to mating dances from heterospecific individuals. The same goes for female lacewings. they won’t recognized a different species.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Plant example of behavioral isolation

A

Different plants exhibit different pollinator behavior. Some plants are bee pollinated while some are pollinated by birds.

18
Q

Post mating, prezygotic barriers

A

mating occurs, but zygote formation is impeded

19
Q

Factors that affect postmating, prezygotic barriers (3)

A
  1. mechanical isolation
  2. Sperm or pollen precendence/competition
  3. Gametic isolation
20
Q

Mechanical isolation

A

Male and female genitalia are not compatible,

Ex. drosophila species are identical except for differences in arch shapes

21
Q

Sperm precendence

A

Homospecific sperm is more likley to form zygote if both homospecific and heterospecific sperm are present

22
Q

Gametic isolation

A

heterospecific sperm can’t fertilized egg (even in absence of homospecific sperm)
sperm recognition proteins from different species may not interact properly

23
Q

Post zygotic barriers

A

hybrid zygotes are formed but have reduced fitness

24
Q

Hybrid inviability

A

lower chance of survival to reproductive age

25
Q

Hybrid sterility

A

lower chance of reproductive success

26
Q

2 types of post zygotic barriers

A

extrinsic barriers

intrinsic barriers

27
Q

Example of extrinsic barriers (2)

A
  1. butterfly hybrids have intermediate wing pattern. this causes increased predation (disruption of Mullerian mimicry) and lower mating success since it’s not recognized.
  2. Killifish hybrids have lower fitness in both fresh water and salt water habitats (not really adapted to either).
28
Q

Intrinsic barriers examples

A
  1. mules (offspring of horses and donkeys) are almost always sterile
29
Q

Dobzhansky-Muller incompatibilities

A

genes that cause hybrid inviability don’t have that effect in non hybrids

30
Q

Haldane’s Rule

A

Intrinsic hybrid inviablitity and sterility are almost always worse in the heterogametic sex
XY in mammals and insects
ZW in birds, reptiles

31
Q

Issue with incompatibilite recessive alleles

A

Can have psuedo-dominant expression

32
Q

Hybridization

A

offspring resulting from mating between members of different species
Intermediate stage in evolution of full RI

33
Q

Hybrid zones

A

narrow geographic range where species ranges about

34
Q

Primary hybrid zone

A

evolve continuously within distributed populations

35
Q

Secondary hybrid zones

A

populations are geographically isolated (allopatric). When the hybrids come into contact again they are less fit.

36
Q

What are secondary hybrid zones the result of?

A

glacial cycles

37
Q

Allopatric

A

evolution of RI in geographic isolation

38
Q

Vicariant

A

each isolated population is relatively large

39
Q

Peripatric

A

very small population “buds off” larger one

40
Q

Parapatric

A

evolution of RI between populations who range abut

41
Q

Sympatric

A

evolution of RI within a single initially random mating population

42
Q

What speciation type has the highest gene flow?

A

sympatric

Evolution Test 4 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions