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Not AP Primer Flashcards

1
Q

germ layers?

A
  1. Endoderm
  2. Mesoderm
  3. Ectoderm
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2
Q

Inner germ layer name? forms what?

A
  1. Endoderm

2. lining of digestive tract and derivatives

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3
Q

Inner germ layer name? Forms what?

A
  1. Mesoderm

2. Tissues as muscle, bone, and blood vessels

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4
Q

Outer germ layer name?

Forms what?

A
  1. Ectoderm

2. skin and neuroectoderm

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5
Q

Primary tissue levels of organization?

A
  1. Epithelial
  2. Connective
  3. Muscle
  4. Nervous
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6
Q

functions of Epithelia?

A
  1. Protect underlying structures
  2. Act as a barrier
  3. Permit the passage of substances
  4. Secrete substance
  5. Absorb substance
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7
Q

What are the functions which are determined by cell layers and shapes?

A
  1. Diffusion
  2. Filtration
  3. Secretion
  4. Absorption
  5. Protection
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8
Q

Function of Microvilli ?

A

Increase surface area absorption or secretion

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9
Q

Function of Cilia?

A

Move materials across cell surface

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10
Q

3 types of cell connections?

A
  1. Desmosomes
  2. Tight
  3. Gap
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11
Q

What type of glands have ducts?

A

Exocrine

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12
Q

What type of glands have no ducts?

A

Endocrine

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13
Q

Epithelium consists almost entirely of?

A

Cells

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14
Q

What type of tissue covers body surfaces and forms glands ?

A

Epithelium

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15
Q

Two types of surfaces epithelium has?

A
  1. Free

2. Basal

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16
Q

Is epithelium vascular?

A

no

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17
Q

Does epithelium undergo mitosis or meiosis?

A

Mitosis

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18
Q

Epithelial tissue cells are joined by?

A

Junctional complexes

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19
Q

What does junctional complexes do?

A

increase strength and create barrier

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20
Q

What separates epithelium from underlying tissue?

A

Basement Membrane

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21
Q

functions of cell connections?

A
  1. Bind cells together
  2. Form permeability layer
  3. Intercellular communication
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22
Q

Types of cell connections?

A
  1. Desmosome
  2. Hemidesmosome
  3. Tight
  4. Gap
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23
Q

What types of proteins are used in a desmosome junction?

A

cadherins

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24
Q

What types of proteins are used in a hemidesmosome junction?

25
Q

What types of proteins are used in a tight junction?

26
Q

Junction formed when plasma membranes join together?

27
Q

Junction formed when membranes are “glued” together by proteins that pass through both membranes and attach to cytoskeletons?

A

Adherens Junction

28
Q

Junction formed when proteins button two membranes together?

A

Desmosomes

29
Q

Draw Epithelial diagram with layers and shapes.

30
Q

layer classification of epithelium?

A
  1. Simple
  2. Stratified
  3. Pseudostratified
31
Q

shape classification of epithelium ?

A
  1. Squamous
  2. Cuboidal
  3. columnar
  4. Transitional
32
Q

simple shape epithelium?

A
  1. Squamous
  2. Cuboidal
  3. Columnar
33
Q

Stratified shape epithelium?

A
  1. Squamous
  2. Cuboidal
  3. Columnar
  4. Transitional
34
Q

What is transitional epithelium?

A

Cuboidal to columnar when not stretched and squamous-like when stretched

35
Q

psuedostratified epithelium shape?

36
Q

Locations of simple squamous Epithelium?

A
  1. Lining of air sacs
  2. Glomerular capsule
  3. Inner Cornea
  4. Eardrum
37
Q

locations of simple squamous endothelium?

A
  1. Lines heart
  2. Blood and Lymphatics
  3. Capillaries
38
Q

locations of simple squamous mesothelium?

A
  1. Lines ventral body cavity

2. Part of serous membrane

39
Q

What is the serous membrane?

A

a mesothelial tissue that lines certain internal cavities of the body, forming a smooth, transparent, two-layered membrane lubricated by a fluid derived from serum. The peritoneum, pericardium, and pleura are serous membranes.

40
Q

Function of simple squamous?

A
  1. Filtration
  2. Absorption
  3. Secretion
41
Q

Function of cuboidal epithelial?

A
  1. Secretion

2. Absorption

42
Q

Location of non-ciliated simple columnar epitethial?

A
  1. Lining of stomach
  2. Small & Large intestine
  3. Digestive Glands
  4. Gallbladder
43
Q

Function of non-ciliated simple columnar?

A
  1. Secretion

2. Absorption

44
Q

Location of ciliated simple columnar?

A
  1. Upper Resp. Tract

2. Uterine (fallopian) tubes

45
Q

function of ciliated simple columnar?

A

Moves mucus by ciliary action

46
Q

Simple membranes are specialized for ?

47
Q

Stratified membranes are specialized for?

A

Protection

48
Q

Are keratinized cell living or dead?

49
Q

Keratin is what resistant?

50
Q

Location of non-keratinized stratified squamous?

A

Lines wet surfaces

  1. Mouth
  2. Esophagus
  3. Epiglottis
  4. Vagina
51
Q

Location of keratinized stratified squamous?

A

Outer layer of skin

52
Q

Function of stratified squamous?

A

Protection

53
Q

Location of stratified cuboidal?

A

ducts of adult sweat glands

54
Q

Function of stratified cuboidal?

A

Protection

55
Q

Location of stratified columnar?

A
  1. Lines part of male urethra

2. Larger secretory ducts

56
Q

Function of stratified columnar?

A
  1. Protection

2. Secretion

57
Q

Location of transitional epithelial?

A

Lines the urinary tract

58
Q

Function

A

Permits distention

A&P Primer (6 decks)

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