Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy > Noses, Sinuses, Orbit & Nerves > Flashcards

Noses, Sinuses, Orbit & Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

What is the only sensory nerve arising from the anterior division ofV3?

A

Buccal nerve.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the 4 ganglia associated with the cranial parasympathetic system?

A

Ciliary, pterygopalatine, submandibular, and otic.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Preganglionic parasympathetic cell bodies are associated with which nerves in the head and neck?

A

Cranial nerves III, VII, IX, X and spinal nerves 2, 3, and 4.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the stellate ganglion?

A

Fusion of the of the first thoracic ganglion and the inferior cervical ganglion; it relays sympathetic input to the upper limbs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the terminal branch ofV2?

A

Infraorbital nerve.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the function of the glossopharyngeal nerve?

A

Motor to the stylopharyngeus; taste to posterior 1/3 tongue; parotid gland stimulation; sensation of postauricular skin, pharynx, soft palate, tympanic cavity, and eustachian tube.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

From what nerve do the anterior and posterior ethmoidal nerves arise?

A

Nasociliary nerve.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What nerve usually passes from lateral to medial over the optic nerve?

A

Nasociliary.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the nuclei of the vagus nerve?

A

Nucleus ambiguus, dorsal motor nucleus, and the nucleus of the solitary tract.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which of these controls voluntary motor information?

A

Nucleus ambiguus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which of these receives sensory information?

A

Nucleus of the solitary tract.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What information is relayed through the inferior ganglion?

A

Sensation from the epiglottis and larynx.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What information is relayed through the superior ganglion?

A

Sensation from the external auditory canal and posterior auricle via Arnold’s nerve.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the two ganglia of the vagus nerve?

A

Superior (jugular) ganglion and inferior (nodose) ganglion.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which cranial nerve has the longest intracranial course?

A

VI.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

With one exception, all the muscles of the pharynx are innervated by what nerve?

A

X.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the distance from the posterior ethmoid artery to the optic foramen?

A

5-10 mm.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

When does aeration of the frontal sinus begin?

A

Age 4-5 years, and continues into the late teens.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Where is the anterior ethmoid artery found intranasally?

A

Anterior to the vertical portion of basal lamella, immediately below the skull base, and posterior to the frontal recess.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Where does the maxillary sinus ostium lie in relation to the ethmoid infundibulum?

A

At the floor and lateral aspect of the infundibulum, between its middle and posterior 1/3.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What structure separates the anterior and posterior ethmoid complexes?

A

Basal lamella of the middle turbinate.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the most posterior part of the middle turbinate attached to?

A

Crista ethmoidalis of the perpendicular process of the palatine bone.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What recess does the suprabullar recess open into?

A

Frontal recess; anteriorly, it is separated from the recess by the bulla lamella.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What does the retrobullar recess drain into?

A

Hiatus semilunaris superior.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What are the borders of the ethmoid infundibulum?

A

Medially, the uncinate process; laterally, the lamina papyracea and frontal process of the maxilla; and posteriorly, the ethmoid bulla.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is the narrowest portion of the nasal cavity?

A

Nasal valve.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is the most common cause of taste loss?

A

Olfactory dysfunction.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What are the 4 possible configurations of the ethmoid roof described by Keros

A
  • Type 1: olfactory fossa I - 3 mm deep.
  • Type I I: olfactory fossa 4 - 7 mm deep.
  • Type III: olfactory fossa 8 - 16 mm deep.

Asymmetric skull base

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Where does the sphenoid ostium lie in relation to the chonal bridge

A

1.5 em above or 1/3 distance from chonae to the skull base.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What percent of the population has a unilateral frontal sinus?

A

10%.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What % of people have a sphenoethmoid cell

A

12%.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Where are the natural ostia of the sphenoid sinus’

A

2/3 of the way from the vaginal process to the top of the anterior sphenoid wall.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What % of patients have a bony dehiscence of the canal covering the anterior ethmoid artery

A

20- 40%.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What % of patients have a bony dehiscence of the cavernous portion of the carotid canal

A

22%.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What are the normal dimensions of the frontal sinus

A

28 mm (length) x 24 mm (width) x 20 mm (depth) (Van Alyea).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Where does the nasolacrimal duct lie in relation to the ostium of the maxillary sinus

A

3 - 6 mm anteriorly.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What is the normal angle of a line drawn from the nasal spine to the sphenoid ostium

A

30 degrees.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Where does the nasolacrimal duct lie in relation to the ostium of the maxillary sinus?

A

3-6 mm anteriorly.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What % of patients have a very thin or absent bone of the optic canal

A

4%.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What is the distance from the posterior ethmoid artery to the optic foramen

A

5- 10 mm.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What percent of the population has a supreme nasal concha?

A

60%.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

When does aeration of the frontal sinus begin

A

Age 4 - 5 and continues into the late teens.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

At what age can the maxillary sinuses be visualized on a computed tomography (CT) scan?

A

Age 4-5 months.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Which muscles depress the nose?

A

Alar nasalis and depressor septi nasi muscles.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Where is the anterior ethmoid artery found intranasally

A

Anterior to the vertical portion of basal lamella, immediately below the skull base, and posterior to the frontal recess.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Where is the optic canal in relation to the sphenoid

A

Anterolateral aspect of the sphenoid roof.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Where does the maxillary sinus ostium lie in relation to the ethmoid infundibulum

A

At the floor and lateral aspect of the infundibulum between its middle and posterior I /3.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

What structure separates the anterior and posterior ethmoid complexes

A

Basal lamella of the middle turbinate.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

What are the nasal fontanelles

A

Bony dehiscences of the lateral nasal wall usually above the insertion of inferior turbinate where the nasal mucosa approximates the mucoperiosteum of the maxillary sinus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

What is the optic nerve tubercle

A

Bony protuberance on the medial surface of the optic foramen.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

How is the sensory epithelium of the olfactory system different from the surrounding respiratory epithelium?

A

Both have cilia, but the cilia of the olfactory epithelium do not beat synchronously.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

What is the term for a pneumatized second basal lamella?

A

Bulla ethmoidalis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

What is the term for a pneumatized second basal lamella

A

Bulla ethmoidalis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

What is the blood supply to the retina

A

Choroid chorio capillaries (outer half) and central retinal artery and branches.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

What type of epithelium lines the nasal cavity?

A

Ciliated pseudostratified epithelium.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

What bony structure is found posterior to the sphenoid

A

Clivus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

What are the major tip support mechanisms?

A

Contour, size, and strength of the lateral crura; attachment of the medial crural footplate to the caudal septum; and attachment of the caudal edge of the upper lateral cartilage to the upper edge of the alar cartilages (Scroll area)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

What is the most posterior part of the middle turbinate attached to

A

Crista ethmoidalis of the perpendicular process of the palatine bone.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

What is parosmia?

A

Distorted perception of an odor.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

What are odorous substances made of?

A

Either gases or volatile liquids.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

Where does the natural ostium of the maxillary sinus empty?

A

Ethmoid infundibulum.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

Where does the natural ostium of the maxillary sinus empty

A

Ethmoid infundibulum.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

T /F: Presence of a conchal sphenoid is an absolute contraindication to transsphenoidal hypophysectomy.

A

False (the bone can be drilled out to permit access).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

T/F: Tumors isolated to the sphenoid sinus and sella are best approached trans palatally

A

False, best approach is transseptal or transethmoid unless the tumor extends into the nasopharynx.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

T/F: The frontal recess is synonymous with the nasofrontal duct

A

False, the nasofrontal duct bridges the frontal recess with the frontal sinus.

66
Q

What is the osteomeatal complex

A

Final common pathway for drainage and ventilation of the frontal, maxillary, and anterior ethmoid cells.

67
Q

From anterior to posterior, what structures comprise the medial orbital wall

A

Frontal process of the maxilla, lacrimal bone, lamina papyracea, sphenoid bone to optic nerve foramen.

68
Q

What recess does the suprabullar recess open into

A

Frontal recess; anteriorly it is separated from the recess by the bulla lamella.

69
Q

Into what does the ethmoid infundibulum drain posteriorly?

A

Hiatus semilunaris inferior.

70
Q

Into what does the ethmoid infundibulum drain posteriorly

A

Hiatus semilunaris inferior.

71
Q

What does the retrobullar recess drain into

A

Hiatus semilunaris superior.

72
Q

Through which area can the suprabullar and retrobullar recesses be accessed medially and inferiorly

A

Hiatus semilunaris superior.

73
Q

What is the name of the space between the bulla ethmoidalis and the middle turbinate

A

Hiatus semilunaris superioris.

74
Q

When may the suprabullar recess extend into the retrobullar recess?

A

If the posterior wall of the bulla lamella is not in contact with the basal lamella of the middle turbinate.

75
Q

When may the suprabullar recess extend into the retrobullar recess

A

If the posterior wall of the bulla lamella is not in contact with the basal lamella of the middle turbinate.

76
Q

Where does the sphenoid sinus lie in relation to the most posterior ethmoid cell

A

Inferior and medial.

77
Q

What is a Haller cell

A

Infraorbital ethmoid cell at the roof of maxillary sinus.

78
Q

What structures are found within the cavernous sinus

A

Internal carotid artery, venous channels, III, lV, VI, VI, V2.

79
Q

What is the bulla lamella

A

Lamella of bone that when pneumatized forms the ethmoid bulla.

80
Q

What is the thinnest bone of the anterior skull base

A

Lateral lamella of the cribriform plate, where the anterior ethmoid artery crosses from the medial orbital wall to the cribriform.

81
Q

Where does the anterior portion of the middle turbinate most often attach superiorly?

A

Laterally onto the lamina papyracea (may also attach to the skull base).

82
Q

Where does the anterior portion of the middle turbinate most often attach superiorly

A

Laterally onto the lamina papyracea (may also attach to the skull base).

83
Q

What structures can a Haller cell potentially narrow

A

Maxillary sinus ostium or ethmoid infundibulum.

84
Q

Where is the natural ostium of the sphenoid sinus in relation to the superior turbinate

A

Medial, and within millimeters of its inferior border.

85
Q

What are the borders of the ethmoid infundibulum

A

Medially, the uncinate process; laterally, lamina papyracea and frontal process of the maxilla; posteriorly, ethmoid bulla.

86
Q

What problem can an enlarged agger nasi cell cause?

A

Narrowing of the frontal recess.

87
Q

What problem can an enlarged agger nasi cell cause

A

Narrowing of the frontal recess.

88
Q

What are the nasal anatomic subunits?

A

Nasal dorsum, nasal sidewalls, nasal tip, alar lobules, and depressions of the supra-alar facets.

89
Q

What are the minor tip support mechanisms?

A

Nasal tip ligamentous aponeurosis; cartilaginous septum; nasal spine; strength and resilience of the medial crura; thickness of tip skin and subcutaneous tissue; and supportive strength of the alar sidewalls.

90
Q

What important structures may run through an Onodi cell

A

Optic nerve and carotid artery.

91
Q

The____ is fully formed by the 5th week gestation and goes on to develop into the floor of the nose/palate.

A

Oronasal membrane.

92
Q

What is phantosmia?

A

Perception of an odor in the absence of a stimulus.

93
Q

What is dysosmia?

A

Perception of an unpleasant odor.

94
Q

What makes up the superior portion of the bony nasal septum?

A

Perpendicular plate of the ethmoid.

95
Q

What is an agger nasi cell?

A

Pneumatized area of the lateral nasal wall immediately anterior and superior to the insertion of the middle turbinate.

96
Q

What is an agger nasi cell

A

Pneumatized area of the lateral nasal wall immediately anterior and superior to the insertion of the middle turbinate.

97
Q

What is a concha bullosa

A

Pneumatized middle or superior turbinate.

98
Q

What are sphenoethmoid or Onodi cells

A

Pneumatized posterior ethmoid cells, superolateral to the sphenoid sinus.

99
Q

Which table of the frontal sinus is thinner?

A

Posterior.

100
Q

Which structures can narrow the frontal recess

A

Posteriorly, ethmoid bulla/bulla lamella; anteriorly, a pneumatized agger nasi cell.

101
Q

Which muscles elevate the nose?

A

Procerus, levator labii superioris alaeque nasi, and anomalous nasi muscles.

102
Q

What is the most posterior aspect of the anterior ethmoids?

A

Retrobullar recess.

103
Q

What is the most posterior aspect of the anterior ethmoids

A

Retrobullar recess.

104
Q

What are the 3 types of sphenoid sinuses as described by Hamberger

A

Sellar (67 - 76%): sella turcia bulges into a well-developed sinus; Presellar (23 - 28%): cancellous bone extends from under the sella to the anterior aspect of the floor; Concha (0 - 5°/o): sphenoid sinus is entirely filled with cancellous bone.

105
Q

In what ways is the middle turbinate an important surgical landmark

A

Separates the cribriform plate from the fovea ethmoidalis; anterior tip marks the limit of the anterior dissection of maxillary antrostomy; basal lamella identifies entrance into the posterior ethmoids; lower half and insertion into the choanae help identify entrance into the sphenoid sinus.

106
Q

What is another name for the retrobullar recess?

A

Sinus lateralis.

107
Q

What is another name for retrobullar recess

A

Sinus lateralis.

108
Q

What is the sphenoethmoid recess

A

Space between the superior (and supreme, if present) turbinate laterally, the cribriform plate superiorly, septum medially, anterior face of the sphenoid posteriorly, inferior margin of the superior turbinate inferolaterally.

109
Q

What neuropeptide is thought to be a mediator of pain in the nose and paranasal sinuses?

A

Substance P.

110
Q

The majority of posterior ethmoid cells empty into which meatus?

A

Superior meatus.

111
Q

The majority of posterior ethmoid cells empty into which meatus

A

Superior meatus.

112
Q

What are the borders of the suprabullar recess

A

Superiorly, the ethmoid roof; laterally, the lamina papyracea; inferiorly, the roof of the ethmoid bulla; posteriorly, the basal lamella of the middle turbinate.

113
Q

What is the nasal valve?

A

The angle between the caudal quadrangular cartilage and the distal upper lateral cartilages.

114
Q

What defines the configuration of the ethmoid roof

A

The length of the lateral lamella of the cribriform plate, which determines the depth of the olfactory fossa.

115
Q

What is the frontal recess

A

The most anterior and superior part of the anterior ethmoid complex.

116
Q

What is the only septal component that is paired?

A

The vomer, which may be bilaminar owing to its dual embryonic origin.

117
Q

What are Bowman’s glands?

A

They secrete mucus and yellow pigment in the olfactory epithelium; the odorant must dissolve in this layer of mucus to reach the sensory receptors.

118
Q

What are the major anatomic features that determine tip projection?

A

Thickness and character of tip skin; shape and strength of alar cartilages; length of infratip lobule and columella; anatomy of the quadrangular cartilage (especially the anterior septal angle); and size of the nasal spine and premaxilla.

119
Q

What is the term for a persistent, nonpneumatized second basal lamella?

A

Torus ethmoidalis lateralis.

120
Q

What is the term for a persistent, non-pneumatized second basal lamella

A

Torus ethmoidalis/lateralis.

121
Q

What are the other muscles of the nose (the compressor and dilators)?

A

Transverse nasalis, compressor narium minor, and dilator naris anterior muscles.

122
Q

What are the five basal or ground lamella of the paranasal sinuses?

A

Uncinate process, bulla ethmoidalis, basal lamella of the middle turbinate, lamella of the superior turbinate, and lamella of the supreme turbinate (if present).

123
Q

What are the 5 basal or ground lamella of the paranasal sinuses

A

Uncinate process, bulla ethmoidalis, basal lamella of the middle turbinate, lamella of the superior turbinate, lamella of the supreme turbinate (if present).

124
Q

What is the incidence of frontal sinus agenesis

A

Unilateral agenesis 4%; bilateral agenesis 5%.

125
Q

Which of these nerves is closely associated with the lateral wall of the ICA

A

VI.

126
Q

Where are the anterior and posterior ethmoid arteries and optic canal in relation to the anterior lacrimal crest?

A

24-12-6 rule: Anterior ethmoid artery is approximately 24 mm posterior to the lacrimal crest; the posterior ethmoid artery is 12 mm posterior to the anterior ethmoid artery; the optic canal is 6 mm posterior to the posterior ethmoid artery.

127
Q

What is the average volume of the orbit?

A

30 cm3.

128
Q

What is the average depth of the orbit?

A

40-50 mm.

129
Q

What is trichiasis?

A

Abnormal direction of the eyelashes.

130
Q

What provides dynamic support to the lower lid?

A

Adhesion of the pretarsal portion of the orbicularis to the tarsal plate.

131
Q

What are the three limbs of the medial canthal tendon?

A

Anterior, superior, and posterior limbs.

132
Q

What are the lower eyelid retractors?

A

Capsulopalpebral fascia and the inferior tarsal muscle.

133
Q

What structure in the lower lid is analogous to the levator aponeurosis of the upper lid?

A

Capsulopalpebral fascia.

134
Q

What structures make up the posterior lamella of the lid?

A

Conjunctiva and the tarsal plate.

135
Q

What is the origin of the superior tarsal muscle (of Muller)?

A

Deep side of the levator palpebrae superioris.

136
Q

What is the term for gross asymmetry of eye movement?

A

Heterotropia.

137
Q

What structures pass through the superior orbital fissure?

A

III, IV, VI, V1, and superior ophthalmic vein.

138
Q

Which skeletal muscles are innervated by the inferior division of III?

A

Inferior oblique, inferior rectus, and medial rectus muscles.

139
Q

What is Whitnall’s tubercle?

A

Insertion site of the lateral canthal tendon.

140
Q

What is the function of the deep head of the orbicularis oculi?

A

Inserts on the posterior lacrimal crest and provides structural support to the lid.

141
Q

What is the name of the fleshy, pink mound of tissue in the medial canthus?

A

Lacrimal caruncle.

142
Q

What does the medial epicanthal fold cover?

A

Lacrimal lake.

143
Q

What happens with disruption of the deep head?

A

Lateral and anterior displacement of the medial canthal angle.

144
Q

What structure divides the lacrimal gland into two lobes?

A

Levator aponeurosis.

145
Q

What is unique about the anatomy of the Asian eyelid?

A

Levator muscle lacks attachment to the pretarsal skin, resulting in an absent pretarsal fold.

146
Q

Periosteum and periorbita meet at the orbital margin and continue into the eyelids as what?

A

Orbital septum.

147
Q

Where does the lateral canthal tendon insert?

A

Orbital tubercle located 5 mm posterior to the lateral orbital rim.

148
Q

What lines the posterior surface of the eyelid?

A

Palpebral conjunctiva.

149
Q

What structures make up the anterior lamella of the lid?

A

Pretarsal orbicularis oculi muscle and the eyelid skin.

150
Q

What is Argyll Robertson pupil?

A

Pupil reacts to accommodation but not light; often associated with syphlis.

151
Q

What are the layers of the eyelid from superficial to deep?

A

Skin, subcutaneous tissue, voluntary muscle, orbital septum, tarsal plate, smooth muscle, and conjunctiva.

152
Q

Which of these covers the lacrimal fossa?

A

Superior limb.

153
Q

Which muscles are innervated by the superior division of III?

A

Superior rectus and levator palpebrae superioris muscles.

154
Q

What test may elicit a Marcus Gunn pupil?

A

Swinging flashlight test.

155
Q

What glands are contained within the tarsal plates?

A

Tarsal glands (Meibomian).

156
Q

What provides static support to the lower lid?

A

Tarsal plate and its associated medial and lateral canthal tendons.

157
Q

What does the gray line divide?

A

The anterior and posterior lamella.

158
Q

Which part of the lacrimal system is most vulnerable to injury?

A

The inferior canaliculus near the medial canthal tendon.

159
Q

What creates the gray line in the lid margin?

A

The muscle of Riolan.

160
Q

What structure forms the medial canthal tendon?

A

The superficial head of the pretarsal fibers of the orbicularis oculi muscle.

Anatomy (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions