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Anatomy > Nose, Nasal cavity & Paranasal sinuses > Flashcards

Nose, Nasal cavity & Paranasal sinuses Flashcards

1
Q

Nose

A

Part of respiratory system that contains organ of smell
Location: superior to hard palate
Parts

  • External nose
  • Nasal cavity (R & L; nasal septum)

Functions

  • Olfaction
  • Respiration
  • Filtration of dust
  • Humidification of inspired air
  • Reception and elimination of secretions from paranasal sinuses and nasolacrimal ducts
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2
Q

external nose

A
  • Visible portion of nose that projects from the face
  • Skeleton is mostly cartilaginous
  • Skin covers all the nose, including the vestibule
  • Parts
    • Dorsum: from root superiorly to apex (tip) anteroinferior
    • Nares (nostrils) inferior openings of the nose in the anterior aspect
    • Alae (wings): bound nares laterally
    • Vestibule: initial part of nasal cavity lined with skin. Hairs in the vestibule help filter dust particles
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3
Q

*nose (lateral & anterior view)

A
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4
Q

skeleton of external nose

A
  • Skeleton
  • Bones: nasal, frontal, and frontal process of maxillae
  • Cartilages
    • Lateral (2)
    • Alar (2): moveable by muscles acting on nose
    • Septal (1)
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5
Q

*skeleton of external nose

A
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6
Q

septum of external nose

A
  • Septum
  • Divides nasal chamber into two nasal cavities
  • Components
    • Bones: perpendicular plate of the ethmoid & vomer
    • Cartilage: septal cartilage
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7
Q

nasal cavities

A

Location: superior to hard palate; communicates anteriorly (with the exterior) through nares, and posteriorly (with nasopharynx) through choana
Mucosa

  • Lines the nasal cavities, except the vestibule (lined with skin)
  • Olfactory mucosa: superior 1/3rd. Contains peripheral organ of smell
  • Respiratory mucosa: inferior 2/3rd. Warms and moisturizes air before passing to lungs

Boundaries

  • Roof: is curved and narrow, except at the posterior end, and it has three parts named after the bones that form them
    • Frontonasal
    • Ethmoidal
    • Sphenoidal
  • Floor: wider than the roof, formed by the palatine process of the maxilla and the horizontal plate of the palatine bone (hard palate)
  • Medial wall: formed by the nasal septum
  • Lateral wall: made of the scroll-shaped elevations called the nasal conchae
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8
Q

*nasal cavities

A
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9
Q

Turbinates

A

conchae covered on mucosa. Offer vast surface for heat exchange. Superior, middle, and inferior conchae

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10
Q

Nasal meatus

A
  • passages underlying each of the turbinates
  • Sphenoethmoidal recess
  • Superior nasal meatus
  • Middle nasal meatus
  • Inferior nasal meatus
  • Common nasal meatus
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11
Q

Sphenoethmoidal recess

A

Sphenoethmoidal recess: superoposterior to superior concha

  • Opening of sphenoidal sinus
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12
Q

Superior nasal meatus

A

Superior nasal meatus: between superior and middle conchae

  • Opening(s) of posterior ethmoidal sinuses
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13
Q

Middle nasal meatus

A

Middle nasal meatus: between middle and inferior conchae.

  • Ethmoidal infundibulum: communication with frontal sinus via the frontonasal duct
  • Semilunar hiatus: semicircular groove with openings of frontal, anterior ethmoidal, and maxillary sinuses
  • Ethmoidal bulla: rounded elevation superior to the hiatus, contains opening of the middle ethmoidal sinus
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14
Q

Inferior nasal meatus

A

Inferior nasal meatus: inferolateral to inferior nasal concha

  • Opening of nasolacrimal duct in anterior portion
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15
Q

Common nasal meatus

A

Common nasal meatus: medial part of nasal cavity, between nasal conchae and septum, where lateral recesses and meatus open

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16
Q

arteries of nasal cavity

A
  • Ophthalmic a.
    • Anterior and Posterior ethmoidal aa.
  • Maxillary a.
    • Sphenopalatine a.
    • Greater palatine a.
  • Facial a.
    • Septal branch of the superior labial a.
  • Kiesselbach area: anterior part of nasal septum where arteries anastomose
17
Q

veins of nasal cavity

A
  • Submucosal venous plexus drains into:
    • Sphenopalatine v.
    • Facial v.
    • Ophthalmic v.
18
Q

*vasculature of nasal cavities

A
19
Q

nerves of nasal septum

A
  • Olfactory (CN I)
  • Trigeminal (CN V)
    • Nasopalatine n. (V2)
    • Anterior ethmoidal n. (V1)
20
Q

*nerves of nasal septum

A
21
Q

nerves in lateral wall of nasal cavity

A
  • Posterior superior and inferior lateral branches (V2)
  • Greater palatine nerve (V2)
  • Anterior ethmoidal n. (V1)
22
Q

*nerves in lateral wall of nasal cavity

A
23
Q

Paranasal sinuses

A
  • Air-filled extensions of the respiratory part of the nasal cavity
  • Communicate with the nasal cavity through openings beneath the conchae on the lateral wall of the nasal cavity
24
Q

(2) frontal sinuses

A
  • Posterior to superciliary arches and root of nose
  • R & L drain through a frontonasal duct in the ethmoidal infundibulum, which opens in the semicircular hiatus
25
Q

(3-18) ethmoidal cells sinuses

A
  • Fragile and easily shattered on hard impact. Medial to orbit and lateral to nasal cavity
  • Divisions
    • Anterior: drains into the infundibulum
    • Middle: drains into ethmoidal bulla
    • Posterior: superior nasal meatus
26
Q

(2) sphenoid sinuses

A
  • 1 on each side within the body of the sphenoid bone, inferior to the sella turcica
  • Drain into the sphenoethmoidal recess
  • Clinical relevance: inflammation in this sinus is a serious medical condition requiring immediate attention, with either antibiotics or direct cleaning of the sinus
27
Q

(2) maxillary sinuses

A
  • Largest of the paranasal sinuses
  • lies in the prominence of the cheek within the maxilla, lateral to nasal cavity.
  • Clinical relevance: infraorbital n. (CN V2) runs along the mucosa of the maxillary sinus to go to the upper teeth. Swelling in this sinus can make the teeth hurt, but is not a dental problem.
  • Drain into the middle nasal meatus. Drainage is in the superior aspect of the sinus, which it makes it hard to drain.
28
Q

*paranasal sinuses

A
29
Q

*paranasal sinuses

A
30
Q

nerves & vessels of sinuses:

frontal sinuses:

ethmoid sinuses:

sphenoid sinuses:

maxillary sinuses:

A
  • Frontal sinuses: supraorbital nerve and artery
  • Ethmoid sinuses: anterior and posterior ethmoidal arteries and nerves
  • Sphenoid sinuses: posterior ethmoidal arteries and nerves
  • Maxillary sinuses: anterior, middle, and posterior superior alveolar nerves and arteries
31
Q
A

Anatomy (10 decks)

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