Nose MDT Flashcards
What is epistaxis?
Bleeding from nasal cavity
What is the most common form of epistaxis?
Unilateral, anterior nasal cavity
What is a rare finding that may cause epistaxis?
HTN
What labs should be done for epistaxis?
Coagulation tests
- Prothrombin time (PT)
- Activated partial thromboplastin time
(aPTT)
- Thrombin Time (TT)
Conservative treatment of epistaxis?
Direct pressure by compression of nares continuously for 15 minutes
What medications could you give for epistaxis?
Topical Nasal Decongestants
- Phenylephrine
- Afrin
Topical Anesthetic
- Lidocaine
What procedure can you perform for epistaxis?
Cautery with silver nitrate
How would you insert nasal packing for anterior epistaxis?
- Accordion like
- Placed in floor of nose
What medication should be given to prevent toxic shock syndrome from packing?
Cephalexin or Clindamycin
How long can packing stay before needing to give antibiotics?
5 days
What should be applied frequently to nasal packing?
NS to keep it moist
What are nasal polyps?
Benign nasal tumors arising from nasal mucosa
What is strongly associated with nasal polyps?
- Allergic rhinitis and food allergies
- asthma 20-50%
- ASA intolerance 8-26%
- Alcohol intolerance 50%
What radiological study should be done for nasal polyps?
CT of nose and paranasal sinuses
What medications can be given to patients with nasal polyps?
Topical Intranasal corticosteroids
- Flonase
- Nasonex
Short course oral corticosteroids
- Prednisone
How should massive nasal polyps be treated?
Surgically
What is the most frequently fractured bone in the body?
Nasal pyramid
Signs and sx of nasal trauma?
- Crepitus
- palpable step off of infraorbital rim
When would radiologic tests not be indicated for nasal trauma?
Uncomplicated nasal fractures
If you did a radiologic test for nasal trauma, what would it be?
CT
Treatment of simple nasal trauma?
Non specific
Acetaminophen
Nasal packing (usually unnecessary)
For extreme nasal trauma, what treatments should be done?
- Refer to emergency ENT (realignment, closed reduction)
- Surgery (septoplasty or rhinoplasty)
What causes seasonal allergic rhinitis?
Airborne allergens such as pollen
What causes perennial allergic rhinitis?
Dust mites, animal dander and mold
