HEENT A&P Flashcards
What is sensation?
Conscious or subconscious awareness of changes in the external or internal environment
What are the special senses?
Tactile, thermal, pain and proprioceptive sensations
What are visceral sensations?
Sensations from internal organs
What 4 conditions must be satisfied for sensation to occur?
- Stimulus
- Receptor converts stimulus into electrical signal
- Nerve pathway conducts the information to the brain
- Brain translates or integrates impulse into sensation
What is perception?
Conscious awareness and interpretation of sensations
Perception is primarily a function of what part of the brain?
Cerebral Cortex
What is adaptation?
Decrease in strength of sensation during prolonged exposure
What are the types of receptors?
- Mechanoreceptors
- Thermoreceptors
- Nociceptors
- Photoreceptors
- Chemoreceptors
-Osmoreceptors
What receptor detects mechanical information?
Mechanoreceptors
What receptor detects changes in temperature?
Thermoreceptors
What receptor detects pain?
Nociceptors
What receptor detects light?
Photoreceptors
What receptor detects presence of chemicals?
Chemoreceptors
What receptor detects osmotic pressure of fluids?
Osmoreceptors
Somatic sensations arise from where?
Sensory receptors in skin, mucous membranes, muscles, tendons and joints
How are sensory receptors for somatic sensations distributed through the body?
Widely and unevenly so that some are more sensitive to others (ex. Fingertips, lips, tip of the tongue)
What are the receptors for somatic senses?
Tactile, thermal and pain
What sensations do tactile receptors detect?
Touch, pressure, vibration, itch and tickle
Where are tactile receptors located?
Skin or subcutaneous tissue
What sensations do thermal receptors detect?
Warm, cold
Where are thermal receptors located?
Epidermis and dermis
Where are pain receptors located?
Everywhere, except the brain
What are the 2 thermal receptors?
Cold and warm
What temperatures do cold receptors detect?
10-40C (50-105F)