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Usmle > Nose > Flashcards

Nose Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Persistence of bucconasal membrane is ka————-

A

Choanal atresia

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2
Q

What is Mc governs technique?

A

Child can breathe with a nipple with wide bore .

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3
Q

What is Charge syndrome?

A

Coloboma of eye, heart defect,choanal atresia, retarded growth,genitourinary abnormality, ear defect

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4
Q

Junction of frontal and nasal bone is ka

A

Nasion

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5
Q

Junction of nasal bone and upper lateral cartilage is called as

A

Rhinion

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6
Q

Junction of upper and lower lateral cartilage is called as

A

Limen nasi

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7
Q

Limen nasi is also called as

A

Limen vestibule or nasal valve

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8
Q

Narrowest part of nasal canal is

A

Nasal valve area/nasal valve

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9
Q

Internal nose is divided into

A

Vestibule and nasal cavity proper

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10
Q

Vestibule is lined by

A

Skin, sebaceous gland and hair follicles and hair called as vibrissae

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11
Q

Boundaries of nasal valve are

A

Laterally~lower border of upper lateral cartilage and head of inferior turbinate. Medially~cartilagenous nasal septum and caudally ~floor of pyriform aperture

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12
Q

Significance of nasal valve area is

A

Narrow thus provide resistance. During expirations eddy currents are formed which ventilate the sinuses

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13
Q

Pneumatisation of turbinates is called as

A

Concha bullosa

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14
Q

Mc turbinate to undergo pneumatisation is

A

Middle turbinate

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15
Q

Mc turbinate to undergo hypertrophy is

A

Inferior turbinate

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16
Q

Appearance of concha bullosa is

A

Uniform like a polyp

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17
Q

Mulberry like appearance is shown by

A

Hypertrophic turbinate

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18
Q

Eustachian tube opens at

A

1cm behind inferior turbinate

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19
Q

Length of Eustachian tube is

A

36 mm

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20
Q

What is the pad of fat around Eustachian tube opening called

A

Ostman pad of fat

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21
Q

Where does sphenopalatine foramen open

A

1cm behind middle Meetu’s

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22
Q

—————— is the approach to reach the contents of sphenopalatine fossa.

A

Cadwell luk

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23
Q

Boundaries of sphenopalatine fossa are

A

Ant~maxillary sinus , post~pterygoid plate, medial~lateral wall of nasopharynx and lateral~infratemporal fossa

24
Q

Sphenopalatine fossa is connected to infratemporal fossa by

A

Pterygoid maxillary fissure

25
Q

Contents of sphenopalatine fossa are

A

Maxillary artery and nerve and sphenopalatine ganglion

26
Q

Nasolacrimal duct open into

A

Inferior Meetu’s

27
Q

Nasolacrimal duct is guarded by

A

Mucosal valve Ka hasner’s valve

28
Q

The middle turbinate is attached to lateral wall by a bony lamella is

A

Basal/ground lamella

29
Q

Cells of anterior ethamoidal sinuses are

A

Bulls ethamoidalis, haller cell and aggar nasi

30
Q

Haller cell enlargement can block the drainage of

A

Maxillary sinus by blocking ethamoid infundibulum.

31
Q

Enlarged aggar nasi can block the drainage of

A

Frontal sinus

32
Q

Opening on bulla ethamoidalis is

A

Middle ethamoid sinus

33
Q

Opening on hiatus semilunaris is

A

Ant~frontal sinus. Middle~anterior ethamoidal . Post~maxillary sinus

34
Q

Hiatus semilunaris is

A

1-2 mm area between uncinate process and bulla ethamoidalis

35
Q

Natural ostium of maxillary sinus is located in

A

Lower part of infundibilum

36
Q

Space above or behind the bulla is ka

A

Suprabullar or retrobullar recess

37
Q

Sinus Lateralis of grunwald is formed by

A

Suprabullar and retrobullar recess

38
Q

Boundaries of infundibulum in middle meatus is

A

Medially by uncinate process and frontal process of maxillary bone and laterally by lamina papyrus EA

39
Q

Sphenoethamidal recess is present at

A

Above superior meatus, sphenoid sinus open into it

40
Q

Drainage into superior meatus is by

A

Posterior ethamoid

Sinus aka onidi cell

41
Q

Surgery of onidi cell can damage

A

Internal carotid artery and optic nerve

42
Q

Onidi cell is present in relation to which structure when enlarged

A

Sphenoid sinus

43
Q

Parts of nasal Septum

A

Columellar septum,membranous septum and septum proper

44
Q

Septal cartilage rests on ——— and ———

A

groove on anterior edge of vomer bone and anterior nasal spine.

45
Q

Dislocation of septal cartilage from groove of vomer bone and anterior nasal spine is called as ——— and ———-

A

Septal spur and caudal septal deviation

46
Q

Cottles test is used to diagnose

A

DNB

47
Q

Incision of SMR is called as

A

Killian incision

48
Q

Incision of septoplasty is ka

A

Freer’s incision

49
Q

DNB is associated with ——— development errors

A

Cleft lip, cleft palate,dental abnormalities,arched palate as in adenoidd hypertrophy and unequal growth between palate and base of the skull causes buckling of nasal septum

50
Q

Development of nasal septum is by

A

Tectoseptal process which descends to meet two halves of palate in midline

51
Q

Clinical features and their cause in DNB

A
  1. Obstruction
  2. headache-due to spur
  3. epistaxix-drying effect of air cause crusting and removal of crust cause bleeding. Also by spur
  4. sinusitis-decreased ventilation of sinuses
  5. Anosmia-less air reaches
  6. Middle ear infection
  7. Cosmetic defect
52
Q

Small anterior perforations of the septum cause ——— sounds

A

Whistling

53
Q

Aetiology of septal abscess

A
  1. Secondary infection of septal hematoma
  2. post furuncle of nose or upper lip
  3. after measles or typhoid
54
Q

Severe complications of septal abscess are

A

Meningitis and cavernous sinus thrombosis

55
Q

Clinical features of septal abscess are

A

Severe b/l nasal obs with pain and tenderness over bridge of the nose and fever chills with frontal headache. The skin of nose may be red and swollen.septal mucosa often congested.fluctuation may be elicited in the swelling.

Usmle (3 decks)

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