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ENT > nose > Flashcards

nose Flashcards

1
Q

saddle nose causes

A

tertiary syphillis, tb, trauma, septal surgery

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2
Q

Cottles test

A

Done to check blockage of nasal valve
Two fingers on check fit it upwards breathing better - +ve indicates nasal valve prolapse

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3
Q

Saddle nose Rx

A

Augmentation rhinoplasty by using ilaic crest

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4
Q

Hump nose Rx

A

Reduction rhinoplasty

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5
Q

Crooked vs deviated nose

A

Crooked - dorsum deviated, tip midline
Deviated- both deviated to midline but to one side

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6
Q

young child with cystic swelling in or around the nose IOC?

A

CT

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7
Q

3 Cystic swellings - young child - area: in or around nose

A

1) nasal DERMOID
2) nasal encephalocele
3) nasal glioma

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8
Q

nasal dermoid
1) types
2) rx

A

types 3
a) simple
b) + sinus
c) + hair + sinus
rx: surgical excision with sinus tract

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9
Q

Fur sten berg test
A) positive
B) negative

A

Swelling- pulsatile, reducible and increased in size on coughing or crying
A) nasal encephalocele
B) nasal glioma

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10
Q

m/c type of malignancy of skin of external nose ?
presentation?

A

Basal cell carcinoma
ulcerative, telangectatic lesion with rolled out edges

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11
Q

Choanal atresia is persistence of ?

A

Bucconasal membrane

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12
Q

Blue baby turns pink on crying in labour room or ot and Pediatrician not able to pass suction catheter through the nose ???
cause and treatment ?

A

Cho Anal atresia
Rx: immediate management - McGoverns technique => putting a wide bore nipple in the baby’s mouth to keep it open
Then trache os tomy
At 1 year of age - recanalisation surgery
Followed by MITOMYCIN C

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13
Q

Concha parts of which bone

A

Inferior - independent bone
Middle and superior- ethmoid bone

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14
Q

nose and paranasal sinus is lined with

A

pseudo stratified ciliated columar epithelium

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15
Q

another name of maxillary sinus

A

antrum of HIGH MORE

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16
Q

oroantral fistula is a complication of _______

A

dental extraction

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17
Q

Sphneoid sinusitis pt developed suddenly develops neuro symptoms
Cause?
Rx?

A

Cavernous sinus thrombosis
Urgent ct brain

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18
Q

Best surgical approach for pituitary adenoma revomal

A

Endoscopic endonasal transphenoid hypophysectomy

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19
Q

Ethmoid bond fracture lead to?

A

Csf rhinorrhea

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20
Q

Anterior Ethmoid air cells constant cells
A) no?
B) name

A

A) 2
B) bulla ethmoidalis - constant and largest
Agger nasi - constant anterior most

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21
Q

3 unusual locations of ethm air cells and complications

A

In Orbital floor -> haller cells
Close to optic nerve -> onodi cells
Inside middle turbinate-> concha bullosa ( complication sinusitis)

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22
Q

m/c anatomical variation of ethm air cells
lead to ?

A

concha bullosa - inside the middle turbinate
leads to sinusitis

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23
Q

Drain into?
A) nasolacrimal duct
B) maxillary sinus
C) frontal sinus
D) anterior ethmoid air cells
E) posterior
F) sphenoid sinus

A

A) inferior meatus
B c d ) middle meatus
E) superior meatus
F) SER ( spheno ethmoidal recess)

24
Q

DCR ( dacryo cysto rhin os tomy)
Procedure?
Instrument?

A

Surgical procedure to make a Opening in the lacrimal sac into the middle meatus.
Instrument- KERRISUN’s endoscopic DCR bone punch

25
Q

OMC ?
Key pathology of ?

A

Osteo meatal complex
= BE + UP + EI + 3 sinus opening

Key pathology of sinusitis

Bulla ethmoidalis
Uncinate process
Ethmoid infundibulum
3 sinus - frontal, ant.ethmoid air cells, maxillary

26
Q

Investigation for sinusitis
A) Endoscopy name? 3 Passes?
B) best investigation for sinusitis

A

A) DNE diagnostic nasal endoscopy
EGREES endoscope
(30 or 0 degree)

1st pass- along IT
2nd - above MT
3rd- inside MM

B) CT scan

27
Q

Waters view shows all sinuses expect

A

Posterior ethmoid air cells

28
Q

Caldwell view shows sinuses?

A

Frontal and ethmoid sinus

29
Q

FESS
A) Main aim
B) steps
C) complications

A

Functional endoscopic sinus surgery
A) - to re establish the sinus drainage
B) uncinectomy -> removing BE
C) orbital hematoma, enophthalmos, diplopia, csf rhinorrhea, ON and ICA injury

30
Q

Orbital hematoma after FESS is due to

A

Injury of anterior ethmoidal artery

31
Q

Most common long term complication of FESS or any nasal surgery + Rx

A

Synechiae formation (adhesions)
Rx: local application of MITOMICIN C

32
Q

Potts puffy tumour

A

Frontal sinusitis leads to frontal osteomyelitis leads to sub periosteal frontal abcess

Presents as red, painful forehead swelling

33
Q

Samp ters triad

A

Nasal polyp (ethmoid)
Bronichal asthma
Allergy to NSAIDS (like aspirin)

34
Q

Allergic fungal sinusitis
A) c/f
B) best invg

A

A) allergic nasal mucin, nasal polyp - CT : heterogenous / double density shadow
B) mri

35
Q

Bent and kunn criteria to diagn allergic fungal rhino sinusitis

A
36
Q

Mucor myco sis
Invg

A

Biopsy > MRI with contrast
Koh mount - no value

37
Q

Mucor myco sis
C/f

A
38
Q

Mucor myco sis
Rx

A

1- debridement 1st
2- DOC AMPHO TERI CIN B

39
Q

Kallman’s syndrome 2 features

A

1- ansomia
2- hypogonadism ( infertility)

40
Q

Test for ciliary function

A

Sacchrine test

41
Q

Tests for olfactory

A

UPSIT
smell diskettes
Olfactory threshold test

42
Q

Mulberry appearance of nasal mucosa of ITH

A

DNS of patent side of inf turbinate hypertrophy

43
Q

Sludder headache

A

Headache due to contact btw DNS and middle turbinate lead to neuralgic headache. Also known as ant ethmoidal neuralgia

44
Q

Rx for DNS

A

Septoplasty

45
Q

Why should you drain septal hematoma immediately ?
C/f ?

A

If you don’t drain -> lead to septal abscess -> lead to septal perforation
C/f : b/L after trauma

46
Q

Perforation of bony part of nasal septum is caused by

A

Syphilis

47
Q

Wegeners granulomatosis
Invgt

A

C ANCA

48
Q

Wegeners granulomatosis
Invgt

A

C ANCA

49
Q

Treatment for nasal bone #

A

immediate closed reduction before edema starts using WALSHAM FORCEPS

Edema already present-> wait for 7 days for edema to subside

50
Q

nasal septum #
Types
Rx

A

Types:
JAR JA VAY #, CHE VALLET #
Rx:
Septal reduction using ASCH forceps

51
Q

Cheek anaesthesia due to injury of ______ nerve in what conditions?

A

Infra orbital nerve

conditions- ca maxillary sinus , zygomatic # and maxilla #

52
Q

Guerin sign seen in

A

Le fort I mid face #

53
Q

Target sign or double halo or halo sign
M/c site of ______ leak

A

Traumatic leak of CSF rhinorrhea
M/c site FOVEA ETHMOIDALIS roof of ethmoid

54
Q

Best invgt to d/b btw csf vs nasal discharge

A

Beta 2 transferrin estimation in csf

55
Q

Best radiological invg of csf leak

A

HRCT skull base

56
Q

Artery of epistaxis

A

Sphenopalatine artery

57
Q

Kiessel bach plexus
1- Present in
2- contains
3- doesn’t contain

A

1- little area
2- GPA, SPA, SLA, AEA
3- PEA

ENT (2 decks)

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