ear Flashcards
Only part of external ear which develops from 1st branchial arch
Tragus of pinna
incision passing via incisura terminalis
LEM PERT END AURAL INCISION
failure of union of the 1st and the 2nd brachial arch leads to
preauricular sinus
Bat ear
Absence of anti helix
development of inner ear
1- pars superior gives rise to semicircular canal and utricle
2- pars inferior gives rise to cochlea and saccule
Cochlea develops from
Neuroectoderm
nerve supply of pinna
- greater auricular nerve
- lesser occipital n
- auriculotemporal n
- vagus n : auricular branch
- facial n : sensory branch
Main nerve supply of pinna
Injured in which surgery
Greater auricular nerve
Parotid surgery
neuroectoderm derivatives in the ear
- footplate of staples
- cochlea
Boxer ear / cauliflower ear
Necrosis of cartilage—> post trauma pinna deformity
Rx for ear wax
PARA DI CHLORO BENZENE drops -> syringing or suction
cold water should never be used in syringing bcoz of
leads to vertigo
syringing is also done in the
_____ direction
posterio superior
EAC infection goes to the parotid gland via _____
fissure of SANTORINI
Doctor was cleaning the ear suddenly pt starts coughing or has a syncopal episode
- which nerve is stimulated ?
Arnold nerve ( auricular branch of vagus)
m/c organism to cause diffuse otitis externa ( swimmers ear)
PSEUDOMONAS
Rx of furunculosis
IG packing
malignant otitis externa
- clinical picture?
1) severe ear ache
2) blood stained ear discharge
3) VII CN involved
4) +_ 9, 10 , 11 , 12 CN palsy
diagnostic invgt of malignant otitis externa
technetium ( bone ) scan
DOC for malignant otitis externa
3rd gen cephalosporin +_ aminoglycosides
malignant otitis externa
- assess response of Rx
1) gallium bone scan
2) CRP
3) ESR
causative organism for otomycosis
aspergillus niger -> candida
wet newspaper appearance on otoscope
OTO MY CO SIS
Glue ear
Also known as
Etiology
M/c cause
Rare cause
SOM or OME
ET blockage
M/c cause adenoid hypertrophy - school age children
Rare cause nasopharyngeal ca in adults unilat
Adult with unilat glue ear
Diagnosis
Nasopharyngeal ca
diagnosis
Mouth breathing child with hearing loss
+ heaviness of ear
examination: air bubbles trapped in glue
Adenoid hypertrophy with glue ear
Rx for glue ear
myringoplasty + grommets incision + / - adenoidectomy
Otoscope m/c cause of air bubble behind TM
Glue ear
Scutum
Outer attic bony wall of epitympanium
Sensory supply of middle ear
Tympanic branch of glossopharyngeal nerve
(JACOBSON’s nerve)
m/c site for residual cholesteatoma after mastoid surgery
sinus tympani
________ is also known as seecondary TM
round window
ASOM
- m/c organism
strept. pneumoniae
on examination cartwheel sign is seen in?
explain cartwheel sign?
ASOM
cartwheel sign : red TM with dilated capillaries
type of discharge in csom
mucopurulent, non foul smelling, non blood stained
csom type of hearing loss
conductive
1st ossicle (part to be eroded in csom + reason
incus (lenticular process)
- no muscle attachment
- least blood supply
austin classification of ossicular erosion
A-
B-
C-
D-
A: M+ I- S+
B: M+ I- S-
C: M- I- S+
D: M- I- S-
classification of tympanoplasty
I- myringoplasty
II- graft placed on incus
III- my ringo stap e dio pexy
or columnar tympanoplasty
IV- RW shielding effect
V- fenestration
first sign of mastoiditis
ironing of the mastoid surface
signs of mastoiditis
1- ironing
2- mastoid tenderness +
3- skin sagging in post.sup area of EAC
4- reservoir sign
5- light house sign
light house sign seen in
- mastoiditis
- asom with small perforation
mastoiditis
xray view ?
what is seen ?
sculler view
seen -
- clouding of air cells
- coal e scence of air cells
Rx for mastoiditis
antibiotics for 48 hrs
—-> no recovery surgery- cortical mastoidectomy “SCH WARTZ operation”
SCHWARTZ operation
first cell to be located?
anatomical landmark
antrum
landmark: McEwen’s triangle
in which condition will there be a difficulty in identifing mcewan’s triangle
korner septum
- persistance of petrosquamous suture
symptoms of gar din e go syndrome
ear discharge
retro orbital pain
diplopia
hallmark of attico antral csom
presence of cholesteatoma
m/c site of cholesteatoma
PRU SS AK’s space
Rx for cholesteatoma
MRM (tympanomastoid exploration)
combined approach tympanoplasty is a canal wall up or down surgery?
canal wall up
_____ sign is seen in labyrinth fistula
positive fistula
false positive fistula sign is seen
meneire disease
congential syphilis
false negative fistula sign is seen in
fistula with dead labyrinth
fistula covered by cholesteatoma
wrong technique
sigmoid sinus thrombosis signs and symptoms
headache
pallor
picket fence fever
GRI ES SINGER sign
GRI ES SINGER sign
- seen in
- explain
sigmoid / lateral sinus thrombosis
- pitting edema in the mastoid
2 tests used to check IVP in lateral sinus thrombosis
tobey ayer test- on LP
crowe beck test- fundus examination
endolymph
a) produced by
b) absorbed by
c) - not done properly can lead to
a) stria vascularis
b) endolymphatic sac
c) meniere’s disease
post meningitis deafness is lead by _________ pathway
aqueduct of cochlea
MONDINI dysplasia of the cochlea
Rx?
1 1/2 turn ( n: 2 3/4)
cochlear implant
MICHEL’s aplasia of cochlea
Rx?
auditory brainstem implant
BPPV
a) diagnostic test
b) Rx
c) other maneuvre
a) DIX HALL PICK MANEUVER
b) EPLEY maneuver
c) SEMONT maneuvre
SCC m/c involved with BPPV
posterior SCC
persistence of BPPV even after EPLEY MANEUVRE
BRAND T - DAROFF EXERCISES
_____ is area of fusion of superior and posterior SCC
CRUS COMMUNE
bithermal caloric test is a test for
lateral SCC
measures the vestibulo ocular reflex
______ is an electrical reading of nystagmus
electro nystagmo graphy (EMG)
saccule nerve supply
inferior vestibular division of the VIII cn
VEMP is used to detect the fn of :
saccule
inferior vestibular division of the VIII cn
VEMP is used in
acoustic neuroma
meniere’s disease
superior SCC dehiscence
clinical picture of superior SCC dehiscence
CHL
3rd window phenomenon
tullio’s phenomenon
vertigo on blowing nose
