Northern Rhone Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Northern Rhone’s climate?

Name two climatic threats in Northern Rhone?

A

Continental with great seasonal temperature shifts, more rainfall, and fewer annual hours of sunshine that Southern Rhone.

Wind and erosion.
The Mistral wind blowing down from the Massif Central, affects the Northern Rhone in winter and spring. The wind is strong enough to strip or lean the vines. It also dries the vineyards, preventing mold and mildew from taking hold.

In Côte-Rôtie, the vines are trained to help withstand the twin local dangers of wind damage and soil erosion, with pairs of vines staked to meet in a point, making the roasted slopes look as though they are covered in Christmas trees.

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2
Q

What soils are found in the Northern Rhone?

A

Côte-Rôtie, Condrieu and Hermitage- Heat-retaining granitic and schistous soil.

St-Joseph, Crozes-Hermitage, and St-Péray-soils become heavier with clay.

Topsoils of fine sand and loess throughout prone to erosion, threat partially mitigated by terrace construction.

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3
Q

What is arzelle?

A

Thin topsoil of rich powdery, decomposed mica found in the most favorable vineyards in Condrieu.

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4
Q

What is Syrah from the Northern Rhone typically aged in?

A

Large oak foudres (French term for a large cask of indefinite size; typically vary in capacity from 20-120 hectolitres), although some producers are now experimenting with new barriques

Tablas Creek reference “At Tablas Creek we follow the Châteauneuf-du-Pape tradition of maturing our red wines in 1200 gallon (4500 liter) French oak foudres rather than in the more familiar 60 gallon (225 liter) oak barrels”

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5
Q

What are the eight Northern Rhone appellations (N-S), their encépagement, and which side of the river they are on?

A

Côte-Rôtie AOP- 80% Syrah/20% Viognier; (may only produce red wine), west side (right bank)

Condrieu- 100% Viognier, west side (right bank)

Chateau-Grillet 100% Viognier (within Condrieu), west side (right bank)

St-Joseph AOP- 90% Syrah/plus Marssane and Roussanne, west side (right bank)

Crozes-Hermitage- (85% Syrah; 15% combined Marsanne Roussanne), east side (left bank)

Hermitage- (85% Syrah; 15% combined Marsanne Roussanne), east side (left bank)

Cornas- (100% Syrah; may only produce red wine), west side (right bank)

St-Peray- White still and sparkling only made from Marsanne and Roussanne, west side (right bank)

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6
Q

What are the benefits of co-fermentation in Northern Rhone of red and white grapes?

A

Stabilizing red wine color and moderating tannin extraction.

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7
Q

What degrees incline is found in Côte-Rôtie/”roasted slope?

A

On parts of the slope, the gradient is a precipitous 55° or more.

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8
Q

Who is the largest producer in Côte-Rôtie?

A

E. Guigal from Ampuis

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9
Q

What are the two famous slopes found in Côte-Rôtie? What are aspect, soils and flavor profiles?

A

—Côte Brune (north) SW facing, “brown slope”- dark/iron rich schist (stronger and assertive)
—Côte Blonde (south)- south facing; pale granite and schist (softer, alluring), gneiss
***The two slopes are nearest Ampuis and both considered the heart of the appellation.

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10
Q

Name three producers making wine out of La Ladone?

A

E. Guigal
Rene Rostaing
Jeanl-Michel Gerin

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11
Q

What are the top three wines from Guigal?

What was the first vintage of each?

A

Referred to as the La La’s. La Landonne (only officially recognized plot), La Mouline and La Turque (both Guigal created brands)
—La Landonne- First vintage 1978; 2 hectares on Cote Brune; biggest, most tannic and sturdiest. Also expresses most minerality 100% Syrah
—La Mouline- First vintage 1966 (EMP has it on their list for $12000); usually harvested first, slightly warmer, precocious, micro climate, 1 hectare on Cote Blonde, 89% syrah / 11% viognier
—La Turque- First vintage 1985, steepest of all vineyards (60/70 degrees in some parts) 93% Syrah 7% Viognier. Youngest wines of all three; produced on Cote Brune, not far from La Landonne. Somewhat a combination of the other two. Bigger than Mouline, darker, denser and more tannic. But La Turque lacks the power, structure, weight and tannin found in La Landonne. It is higher on the slope versus La Mouline and La Landonne being steeper vineyards closer to the base of the cliff.

Earned the right to be called the world’s most consistently high quality wines.

Best vintages: 2016, 2015, 2012, 2010, 2009, 2007, 2005, 2003, 2001, 1999, 1998, 1997, 1995, 1991, 1990, 1989, 1988, 1985, 1983, 1982, 1978, 1969 and 1966.

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12
Q

Name the four dominant producers of Hermitage.

A
Jean Louis Chave
—Negociants:
Delas
M. Chapoutier
Jaboulet
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13
Q

Who is Gaspard de Stérimberg and what bottling is connected to him?

A

Legendary Crusader-turned-hermit who lived a life of asceticism atop the hill of Hermitage in a hillside Chapel. Jaboulet’s Hermitage Blanc “Chevalier de Stérimberg” (65% Marsanne, 35% Roussanne) is named after him.
Ironic, they don’t own the vineyards around the chapel, but they do own the chapel.

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14
Q

Name Important climats of Hermitage (6)

A
L'Hermite
Beaume
Le Méal- "la ME-al"
Bessards "BIZ-za"
Gréffieux "greh-few" (r is rolled)
Péléat "PAY-lee-ah" first of Chave's vineyards to be harvested
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15
Q

What do each of the climats of Hermitage bring to a wine and why?
Name several of the Hermitage climats known for lighter wines?
Why?

A

—Beaume and L’Hermite- adds lightness and (most) aromatics because of higher elevation
—Les Greffieux-adds elegance and aromatics
—Peleat-adds flesh
—Le Meal- adds density and power, lower slope and steeper
—Bessards-adds (most) tannins and ageability; particularly granitic climat; lower slope and steeper

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16
Q

What producer owns the most Les Greffieux?

A

Chapoutier

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17
Q

What is gore?

A

Naked granite soil found in Cornas. This soil magnifies the sun’s warmth of the soil and helps Cornas to be amonst the warmest in Northern Rhone.

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18
Q

Who is the standard-bearer for the wines of Cornas?

Name two other big names of Cornas?

A

August Clape
—He avoids destemming in preference for whole cluster fermentation and subs new oak barriques for the old demi-muids (600 L french oak) of the region.

Jean-Luc Colombo (who has experimented with heavy oaking) and the talented Thierry Allemand are the most famous Cornas producers.

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19
Q

What are the two appellations for “basic” syrah in Northern Rhone?

A

Croze Hermitage and St Joseph.

20
Q

What styles are produced in Saint-Péray AOP?

A

White wine only appellation producing still and sparkling wine based on Marsanne and Roussanne.
—Minimum potential alcohol
Blanc: 10.5%
Blanc Mousseux: 9%

21
Q

What does Marsanne and Roussanne add to a wine?

A

Roussanne adds acidity and waxy minerality

Marsanne bring a broader, oily texture and marzipan character.

22
Q

Where would one find vin de paille in the Northern Rhone?
What is the style (min pot alc, min must weight, drying period?)
Name two producers known for their vin de paille production?

A

Hermitage; based on Marsanne and/or Roussanne
—Min potential alcohol: 19.5%
—Min must weight: 170 g/l (must be subject to drying for a min 45 days, after which they must have a min must weight of 350 g/l)
—Style was revived by Gérard Chave in the 1970s and more recently by Chapoutier.

23
Q

What is the style found in Condrieu?

Minimum Potential Alcohol?
Minimum Must Weight?
Enrichment?
Harvest Method?
Minimum Planting Density?
Maximum Yield (Rendement de Base)?
Primary Soil Type?
A

Dry white based on 100% Viognier
—Min Pot Alcohol: 11.5% (13% acquired alcohol required for wines with at least 45 g/l of residual sugar)
—Min Must Weight: 178 g/l (for wines with a residual sugar of at least 45 g/l, the required minimum must weight is 220 g/l)
—Enrichment: Chaptalization is prohibited for wines with at least 45 g/l of residual sugar.
—Harvest Method: Manual harvesting is mandatory. For wines with at least 45 g/l of residual sugar, grapes must be harvested in successive tries.
—Min Planting Density: 6,500 vines per hectare
—Max Yield (Rendement de Base): 41 hl/ha (37 hl/ha prior to 2011)
—Primary Soil Type: decomposed granite; thin topsoil is rich with powdery, decomposed mica, known locally as arzelle.

24
Q

Name five producers know for Viognier out of Condrieu (and their bottlings)?

A
—Georges Vernay (“Chaillées de l’Enfer”, “Coteau de Vernon”)
—E. Guigal (La Doriane, blended from grapes grown in the Cote Chatillon and Colombier vineyards)
—Yves Cuilleron ("Chaillets", "Vertige")
—Rene Rostaing (“La Bonnette”)
—Andre Perret
—Pierre Dumazet
—Yves Gangloff
—Pierre Gaillard
—Francois Villard
25
Q

What is the 2nd label for Chateau Grillet?

A

Pontcin-100% Viognier declassified to Cotes du Rhone.

26
Q

The Condrieu appellation lies between which two villages?

A

The Condrieu appellation ambles north from the village of Chavanay, where growers may also produce St-Joseph and the higher granite content in the soil is said to imbue some minerality in teh wines, as far north as the hills north of Condrieu itself, which can yield particularly rich Viognier

27
Q

Top vineyards of Condrieu?

A
Chery
Chanson
Cote Bonnette
Les Eyguets
Cote Chatillon
Colombier
28
Q

Who owns the monopole of Château Grillet?

What else do they own?

A

François Pinault (Neyret-Gachet sold to Pinault in 2011)

-Pinault owns (through the Artemis Group) Chateau Latour in Paulliac, Clos de Tart in Morey-St-Denis, and Eisele Vineyard Estates in Calistoga (formally Araujo Estate until purchased in 2013), Domaine d’Eugénie Engel in Vosne-Romanee (formerly Domaine René Engel)

29
Q

What four minor appellations lie on the Drôme River?

A

Diois Appellations named after the town of Die (about 64 kim/40 miles south east of Valence up the Drôme river.
—Coteaux de Die AOP: 100% Clairette; smallest appellation in Northern Rhone in production and size.
—Crémant de Die AOP sparkling wine based on on 55% Clairette, min 10% Aligote, 5-10% Muscat Blanc a Petits Grains
—Clairette de Die AOP: two styles of sparkling wines: méthode traditionnelle (100% Clairette) and méthode Dioise ancestrale (min 75% Muscat Blanc a Petit Grains plus Clairette.)
—Châtillon-en-Diois: “SHAT-tea-own ah-dwah” AOP is an anomaly for Gamay-based (Encépagement min 75%, Assemblage min 60%) plus PN and Syrah for reds, rosés and whites based on Aligoté and Chardonnay.

30
Q

Is chaptalization allowed in Northern Rhone?

A

Yes, it is basically the southern limit of that part of Europe where chaptalization is allowed.

31
Q

What are cheys?

A

What terraces are known as in Cote Rotie.

32
Q

Name four major lieux-dits of Cornas?

A

Les Reynards “RAY-nar”
La Côte
Les Chaillot “SHY-yo”
Les Mazards “MAZ-zar”

33
Q

Who produces “Ermitage Cuvee Catheline” and what years has it been produced?

A

Jean-Louis Chave
-a barrel selection done just before bottling, produced only in top years
(1990,91, 95, 98, 2000, 03, 09, 10)

34
Q

Does the Mistral winds affect Cornas?

A

No, they are sheltered from the Mistral winds.

35
Q

Who produces La Chapelle?

A

Jaboulet

36
Q

Minimum abv. of Hermitage Blanc?

A

11%

37
Q

What style of wine is Châtillon-en-Diois AOP?

A

Whites based on Chardonnay and Aligoté

Rose and Red:
Encépagement: 75% Gamay, plus Pinot Noir and Syrah
Assemblage: Min. 60% Gamay

38
Q
What is the minimum alcohol for Northern Rhone reds?
What is the minimum must weight?
Max RS?
Max Yield?
Manual harvest?
A
  • 10.5% for all red wine appellations.
  • 171 g/l for all red wine appellations
  • 3 g/l (4 g/l if potential alcohol is greater than 13.5%)
  • 40 hl/ha for all red wine appellations (45 for Crozes is exception)
  • Manual harvest required for all red wine appellations (Crozes Hermitage is the exception; St. Joseph doesn’t say in compendium, but found in the Cahier des Charges)
39
Q

Northern Rhone great and poor vintages

A

2016
Hail in April= reduced yields are reduced; quality not compromised. Alcohol levels are in general slightly lower than in 2015.

**2015
Universally viewed as top quality potential. Guigal produced Condrieu Luminescence for only the third time (previous vintages were 1999 and 2003). For reds, maintaining freshness and avoiding over-extraction key

—2014
A challenging growing season thanks to the Drosophila suzukii fruit fly. Rain during the summer and red wine harvest; Reds likely for early drinking. Whites benefited from a late maturity but retained good acid.

**2013
Very promising reds, excellent longevity. Slow start and problems with mildew in June, but fine warm days and cool nights throughout the summer. Rain prompted a speedy harvest (one of the latest ever).

2012
Against the trend of the year in Europe at large, good vintage. Defined by lower than average potential alcohol – indeed some chaptalisation was practised. Acidities also below the norm; tannins more pronounced than in 2011.

—*2011
Rain in early September diluted what was otherwise a very promising crop. Quality still good, but certainly not at the level of 2010 or 2009.

***-2010
Low yields of exceptionally good quality. One of the very best years in the northern Rhône - possibly the best in history!

***-2009
Warmer and drier than average: volumes were down and harvest was early. Ripening was quick but complete, and quality looks to be very good.

—*2008
Lots of rain gave a disappointing and dilute vintage. Some producers opted not to make their top wines at all. Largely best to avoid.

-*2007
Very wet spring, a patchy summer but the vintage was saved by decent weather in September.

2006
Very promising. As elsewhere in France, the region experienced a very mixed August but a warm September created exciting success rate

***2005
As successful as elsewhere in France. A long term prospect which may rival 1990.

—*2004
A welcome return to normal temperatures but this post-2003 heatwave crop was not generous and wines have developed fast.

***-2003
Some exceptional heatwave wines with enormous concentration and, we hope, a long and glorious life ahead.

—*2002
WORST Poor weather at flowering dramatically reduced the potential crop and paved the way for a thoroughly horrid summer resulting in rotten, unripe grapes. Some growers declassified a large proportion of them although the odd late-picked bottling may surprise. Good white wines though.

**-2001
One of the most successful regions in France in 2001. Almost as good as 1999 if more elegant and less concentrated than 2000. Excellent levels of ripeness, good acidity, and ripe tannins to support them.

*-2000
Good to very good if overshadowed by ‘99. August was hot with heavy rain on 21 August. September enjoyed perfect weather allowing a prolonged harvest. Charming wines.

***-1999
Exceptional quality. A sunny harvest saw good quantities of healthy grapes - a cause for real celebration in the northern Rhône. Quality is at least as good as 1998 (some compare it with 1947) and the quantity was much higher.

*-1998
Very dry summer stressed the vines. Some tough wines for the long term.

*-1997
Early maturing, soft wines from an early harvest.

1996
Solid, unexciting but ready and competently made.

**-1995
Very promising vintage; just starting to come round at the top end.

—*1994
All-too familiar autumn rains before the fruit could ripen.

—*1993
A great summer then rain, hail and mildew, so light, soft wines are the rule.

—*1992
WORST Heavy September rains gave a mixed bag of early-drinking wines.

***-1991 (biggest standout between Northern Rhone (GREAT) and Southern Rhone (BAD)
A good vintage, superb in Côte-Rôtie: fragrant, forward and charming.

***-1990
The heatwave slowed ripening. Côte-Rôtie suffered but the Hermitage hill produced some monster wines destined for a very long life.

1989
A drought year, irregular in Cornas, otherwise rich and opulent.

1988
Unfairly overshadowed by 1989 and 1990, with majestic Côte-Rôties for long ageing.

—*1986
Guigal’s wines are the exception to a rather lean, charmless year.

1985
Opulent and soft, these wines were delicious but have matured relatively early.

**-1983
Outstanding muscular wines now ready to drink.

1979
Lovely soft, elegant and balanced wines that should now have been drunk.

***-1978
A sensational year, highly aromatic, complex and big-framed. Now very rare.

40
Q

What are the original six St-Joseph communes?

A

Glun, Mauves, Tournon, St-Jean-de Muzols, Lemps, and Vion.

  • In 1969 St-Joseph was allowed to expand into a total of 26 communes, and to grow from 240 to 2900 acres (1,180 ha), resulting in some pretty light, bland wines.
  • The original six above, together with Chavanay in Condrieu country to the north, remains pointers to the best wines.
41
Q

With limited expansion opportunities in Northern Rhone, what area have producers sought out that is not blessed with AOC status?

A

Seyssuel “SAY-sue-WELL” (between Vienne and Lyon, north of Cote Rotie) planted to Syrah and Viognier on especially favored schist slopes of the left bank of the Rhone river. Must be sold as IGP, often as Collines Rhodaniennes “row-done-yen”

42
Q

Put in order of plantings (in ha) from least to most Cornas, Condrieu, Cote-Rotie, Hermitage?

A

Cornas 115 ha
Hermitage 135 ha
Condrieu 145 ha
Cote Rotie 255 ha

43
Q

Name four premier producers of St Joseph and their bottlings.

A

Pierre Gonon ‘Les Oliviers’
Chapoutier ‘Le Clos’
Jean-Louis Chave ‘Offerus’
Guigal ‘Vignes de le Hospices’

44
Q

Who owns/purchases 20% of all vineyards in Crozes-Hermitage?

A

The cooperative Cave de Tain l’Hermitage.

45
Q

What Crozes-Hermitage bottling has had the longest success in competing with Hermitage wines?

A

Until the 1990s only Paul Jaboulet’s Domaine de Thalabert was regularly comparable with a Hermitage.

46
Q

How much of Hermitage is devoted to white wine production?

Name a vineyard known for its white wine production.

A

About a 1/4.

**Les Rocoules and Maison Blanches

47
Q

Name 5 producers of Croze-Hermitage

A
Alain Graillot
Domaine Colombier
Domaine Pochon
Domaine Marc Sorrel
Domaine Yann Chave