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Rhone Valley and Southern France > Languedoc > Flashcards

Languedoc Flashcards

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1
Q

Where is Languedoc?
What is to the east?
South?
West?

A

Southern coast of France, stretching in a crescent shape between Provence on the east and Roussillon to the south.
Gaillac and the other regions of Southwestern France lie due west of Languedoc

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2
Q

Languedoc Appellations

Locations?

A

WESTERN LANGUEDOC APPELLATIONS (more western more driven by the Atlantic than the Mediterreanean; think Bordeau-like to Rhone-like):
Corbières
*within Corbières:
-Fitou and Corbières-Boutenac
*north of Corbières:
-La Clape NE of Corbières (recent appellation, 2015)
-Minervois AOP east of Cabardès (Minervois-La Livinière AOP within and Muscat de Saint-Jean-de-Minervois AOP NE corner next to Saint-Chinian)
-Saint-Chinian AOP (NE of Minervois)

  • Limoux-SW portion of Languedoc (Crémant de Limoux AOP within)
  • Malepère- North of Limoux
  • Cabardès- “ca-BAR-des” North of Malepère and west of Minervois

EASTERN LANGUEDOC APPELLATIONS

  • Faugères AOP-Most western part of Eastern Languedoc; east of Saint-Chinian
  • Terrasses du Larzac “Te-RAZ du la-ZAC” - NE of Faugères (recent appellation, 2014)

-Picpoul de Pinet AOP (SW of Faugeres) and Pic Saint-Loup AOP (NE Languedoc) both upgraded from geographical designation and are located in the Eastern Languedoc

Three Muscat appellations:

  • Muscat de Frontignan on eastern coast line
  • Muscat de Mireval- directly north of Frontignan
  • Muscat de Lunel- approx 20 miles NE of the Mireval.
  • Final appellation is Clairette de Languedoc made in a limited extent just north of Pezenas; directly east of Faugères.
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3
Q

How is Fitou AOP divided?
Soils?
Variety requirements?
When was appellation established?

A

—Fitou Maritime-coastal clay and limestone around the saltwater lagoons
—Fitou Montagneux (or Fitou Haut?)-24 km (40 minute drive) inland, mountainous schist.
—Encépagement:
Rouge: Min. 60% combined Grenache (min. 20%) and Carignan (min. 20%); min. 10% combined Syrah (better suited to Montagneux) and Mourvèdre (which thrives in Maritime)
**Assemblage: No grape may account for more than 80% of the blend. Grenache and/or Carignan must account for at least 50% of the blend.
**1948, one of the oldest in the Languedoc

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4
Q

What subzone in Corbières achieved full appellation status?

A

Corbières-Boutenac, has achieved full appellation status for red wine only wines based on Carignan.
—Encépagement
Rouge: Min. 70% combined Grenache, Mourvèdre, and Carignan (30-50% Carignan); plus Syrah
—Assemblage: Min. 70% combined Grenache, Mourvèdre, and Carignan. No variety may exceed 80% of the blend.

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5
Q

What is the style of Corbières AOP?

A

Produces all three colors on extremely varied soils and microclimates.
—Blanc: Min 90% Bourboulenc, Grenache Blanc, Marsanne, Macabeu, Roussanne, and Vermentino
—Rose: Min 25% combined Grenache, Lladoner Pelut, Mourvèdre, Piquepoul Noir, and Syrah, max 75% Cinsault; max 50% Carignan.
—Red: (minimum 2 varieties) Min 50% combined Grenache, Lladoner Pelut, Mourvèdre, and Syrah; plus Carignan.
**grows on what are effectively the foothills of the Pyrenees.

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6
Q

What is the style of Minervois AOP?

A

All thee colors based on standard southern rhone blends
Blanc:
Principal Varieties: Min. 80% combined Bourboulenc, Grenache Blanc, Macabeu, Marsanne, Roussanne, and Vermentino
Rouge and Rosé:
Principal Varieties: Min. 60% combined Grenache, Lladoner Pelut, Mourvèdre, and Syrah (min. 20% combined Mourvèdre and Syrah)

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7
Q

What Minervois AOP subzone has achieved full appellation status?

A

Minervois-La Livinière “Me-NEVER-eh-WAH La LIVE-in-YAIR” in the center of the Minervois appellation; produces red wines based on min. 60% combined Grenache, Lladoner Pelut, Mourvèdre, and Syrah (min. 40% Mourvèdre and Syrah)

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8
Q

Name three appellations in the Languedoc that produce only red and rose wine exclusively.

Styles?

A

Cabardès AOP and Malepère AOP

  • Cabardès wines maintain a balance between Grenache, Syrah, and the major Bordeaux red varietals.
  • Malepère stipulates a minimum 50% Merlot for red and min 50% Cabernet Franc for rosé wine. Accessory Malbec (Cot) (Malepère never blockbuster wines)
  • *Pic Saint Loup was just added as an appellation for red and rose only based on Syrah (min 30% for rose and 50% for red), Grenache, and Mourvedre in 2017
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9
Q

St-Chinian AOP style

Subzones?

A

All three colors based on Southern French grapes.

  • -Blanc: (Max. 70% each): Min. 30% Grenache Blanc, plus Marsanne, Roussanne, and Vermentino
  • -Red and Rose: Min. 70% Grenache, Lladoner Pelut (min. 20% combined Grenache and Lladoner Pelut), Mourvèdre, and Syrah (min. 20% combined Mourvèdre and Syrah)

Two subzones: Berlou and Roquebrun are for rouge wines only.

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10
Q

What is Égrappage?

A

Term used for destemming in Saint-Chinian AOP which is mandatory in “Berlou” wines (a commune of Saint-Chinian)

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11
Q

Faugères “FOO-szjhair” AOP style?

A

All three colors.
—Blanc:
Principal Varieties: 30-70% Roussanne; max. 70% each Grenache Blanc, Marsanne, and Vermentino
—Red and Rosé:
Principal Varieties: Min. 50% combined Grenache, Lladoner Pelut (min. 20% Grenache and/or Lladoner Pelut), Mourvèdre (min. 5%), and Syrah (min. 15%)
Complementary Variety: 10-40% Carignan

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12
Q

Limoux AOP styles

A

White, Red and sparkling.

—White: based on Mauzac, Chenin Blanc, and Chardonnay (still whites must be fermented in oak)
—Red wine: based on minimum 50% Merlot and must be a minimum of 3 varieties. (promising spot for Pinot Noir , currently sold as IGP)
—Sparkling: Methode Ancestrale 100% Mauzac
—”Blanquette de Limoux”: Min 90% Mauzac, plus Chardonnay and Chenin Blanc.

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13
Q

What style/appellation claims France’s oldest purposefully made sparkling wine?
Style?

A

The style of Blanquette de Limoux under the Limoux AOP.

  • -Min. 90% Mauzac, plus Chardonnay and Chenin Blanc produced by the traditional method; must be aged on the lees for a min. 9 months.
  • -Min. 3.5 atmospheres of pressure.
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14
Q

What is the difference between Blanquette de Limoux and Cremant de Limoux AOP?

A

—Cremant de Limoux was added in 1990, which stipulated a max 90% combined Chard (min 50%) and Chenin (10-40%) plus max 20% Mauzac with Pinot Noir (max 15%).
—Blanquette de Limoux uses a min 90% Mauzac (to safeguard the traditional style of Blanquette de Limoux in Limoux AOP) with Chardonnay and Chenin Blanc in place of Pinot Noir.

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15
Q

Name two former geographic designations of Languedoc AOP that have now received independent AOP status. 4?

A

Terrasses du Larzac-2014

La Clape-2015

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16
Q

What are the 11 Geographic Designations for Languedoc AOP?

A 
Cabrières
Grés de Montpellier
La Méjanelle
Montpeyroux
Pézenas
Quatourze
Saint-Christol
Saint-Drézéry
Saint-Georges-d'Orques
Saint-Saturnin
Sommières
17
Q

Name five Muscat appellations in the Languedoc for fortified wines.
Which one may produce both VDL and VDN?
Which is in both Languedoc and Roussillon?

A
  • Muscat de Mireval AOP
  • Muscat de Lunel AOP
  • Muscat de St-Jean-de-Minervois AOP
  • Muscat de Frontignan AOP- most common of the fortified appellations. May be VDL or VDN
  • Muscat de Rivesaltes AOP- Mainly in Roussillon but partially in Laguedoc
18
Q

What is the difference between a Vin Doux Naturel and a Vin de Liqueur (Mistelle)?

Give four examples of each.

A

—Vin de liqueur differs from vin doux naturel in that the alcohol is generally added earlier and the resulting drinks therefore tend to be, and taste, more spirit dominated.
—Vin Doux Natural is a wine made by mutage, artificially arresting the conversion of grape sugar to alcohol with the addition of a neutral alcohol spirit before fermentation is complete. Principal members include Port, Madeira, Malaga
—Vin de Liqueur is a wine which is fortified with neutral grape spirit or eau de vie to grape must prior to fermentation.
Principal members of this category, known as mistelles if the fortification takes place before fermentation has started, are the Pineau des Charentes of Cognac, its Armagnac counterpart Floc de Gascogne, Macvin du Jura, and Clairette du Languedoc

19
Q

Two appellations of the Languedoc that produce red wines based on min 50% Merlot?

A

Limoux and Malepère

20
Q

What is Mauzac and where it is the used?

A

—Declining white grape in SW France, especially in its birthplace Gaillac and Limoux, where it is the traditional and still principal vine variety. It produces relatively aromatic wines which are usually blended, with Len de l’El around Gaillac and with Chenin and Chardonnay in Limoux.
—Mauzac tends to be picked early for sparkling production to preserve its naturally high acidity but loses its particular flavor (skin of shrivelled apples). Some gently sparkling Gaillacs are still made by the traditional Méthode Gaillacoise and a small portion of Limoux’s Blanquette is made by the méthode ancestrale.

21
Q

What is the most recent appellation in the Languedoc?
Style?
Notable Producer?

A

Pic Saint-Loup AOP was upgraded from a geographical designation of Languedoc to an AOP on 2/2017
Rosé:
based on Syrah (min 30%), Grenache, Mourvèdre
Rouge:
Syrah (min 50%), Grenache, Mourvèdre
**must contain at least two of the grapes
each allow other accessory varieties
**Domaine de l’Hortus

22
Q

Name two appellations based on a 100% dry white varietal wine in the Languedoc.

A

—Picpoul de Pinet AOP- unusual (for France) a varietal appellation, quirky-lemon scented grape results in a sort of Midi-Muscadet.
*100% Picpoul (blanc)
*est in 2013
—Clairette du Languedoc AOP: 100% Clairette Blanc -made in a modern, fresh style.

23
Q

Clairette du Languedoc AOP

Style

A

Blanc: 100% Clairette Blanc -made in a modern, fresh style with often a refreshing grape.
Blanc “Rancio”
Vin de Liqueur Blanc

*“Rancio” wines may not be released until November 1 of the third year after harvest

24
Q

What is the only AOC where white wines have mandated fermentation in oak?

A

Limoux: produced from Chardonnay, Chenin Blanc, and Mauzac

25
Q

What is the only AOC where Mediterranean and Atlantic (Bordeaux) grapes are mandatorily combined?

Style?

A

Cabardès AOP
Rosé:
Principal Varieties: Min. 40% combined Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, and Merlot; min. 40% combined Grenache and Syrah
Accessory Varieties: Cot, Cinsault, and Fer
Rouge: As for rosé

26
Q

What is Malvoisie in the Languadoc? What appellation is it the predominant grape varietal?

A

Bourboulenc
—La Clape Blanc:
Minimum 40% Bourboulenc. Grenache Blanc and Bourboulenc together make up 60% of the vineyard.
Also makes red based on Grenache, Syrah, and Mourvedre.

27
Q

What is Lladoner Pelut?

A

Downy-leaved variant of Grenache. Both vine and wine closely resemble Grenache Noir except that it is less susceptible to coulure and therefore yields more consistently and, usefully, reaches physiological ripeness at lower sugar levels. It is officially and widely sanctioned in Languedoc-Roussillon, often being specified in appellation regulations alongside Grenache.

28
Q

What is Cartagène?

A

A VDL/Mistelle from Languedoc made with Grenache, Carignan or whatever grape juice was hanging around. (Like Pineau, Floc, Ratafia)

29
Q

What is the overarching IGP for Languedoc-Roussillon?

A

Vin de Pays d’Oc

30
Q

Who produces Clos de Demoiselles and what is the wine?

A

Domaine J.Laurens tete de cuvee in Cremant de Limoux

31
Q

What river cuts through Limoux AOP?

A

The Aude river

32
Q

What cult producer is located in Terrasses du Larzac? (although uses the “Vin de Pays de l’Hérault” appellation.)
Winemaker?
Wines?

A

Grange des Pères
Winemaker is Laurent Vaillé
Blanc: 80% Roussanne 10% Marsanne 10% Chardonnay
Rouge: 40% Syrah, 40% Mourvèdre, 10% Cabernet Sauvignon, 10% Counoise

33
Q

What is the only appellation that is mandatory Bordeaux and Rhone varietals combined?

A

Cabardès:
Cabardès Principal Varieties: Min. 40% combined Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, and Merlot; min. 40% combined Grenache and Syrah
Accessory Varieties: Cot, Cinsault, and Fer
Rouge: As for rosé

Rhone Valley and Southern France (8 decks)

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