Northern Italy Study Guide Flashcards
When was the DOCG system introduced?
1963
What were the first DOCGs established and when was this?
Brunello di Montalcino
Barolo
Vino Nobile di Montepulciano
When were the Goria laws established and what did they create?
1992
Created the category Indicazione Geographica Tipica (IGT), a more relaxed regulation, offering winemakers wider freedoms
When did the first IGTs appear?
1994
How many DOCGs are there in Italy? What is the youngest and when was it established?
74
Nizza (2014)
What is the quality hierarchy for wine in Italy?
Denominazione di Origine Controllata e Garantita (DCOG)
Denominazione di Controllata (DOC)
Indicazione Geografica Tipica (IGT)
Vino (formerly Vino da Tavola)
What mountain ranges runs north to south through Italy? Which mountains bracket the northern regions?
Apennine Mountains (north to south) Alps (north)
What is the official language of Valle d’Aosta?
French
What is the major river that flows through the center of Piemonte? What direction does it flow and where are its headwaters?
Po River
flows eastward from headwaters in the western Alps
What three provinces contain the most vineyard area in Piemonte?
Cuneo
Alessandria
Asti
What mountain range provides a rain shadow effect in Piemonte? What is the climate here?
The Alps
Continental climate
What is a major threat to the vines of Piemonte in the Autumn months?
hail
What are the most prized southern-exposed vineyards for Nebbiolo called in Piemonte?
Sorì
Is Nebbiolo thin skinned or thick skinned?
Thin-skinned
Is Nebbiolo early or late-ripening?
late-ripening
What are the trio of major red grapes in Piemonte? Of these three what’s the earliest to ripen?
Nebbiolo
Barbera
Dolcetto (earliest to ripen)
What is Piemonte’s most planted red grape?
Barbera
Other than the big 3, what are the 6 other indigenous red grapes with significant plantings in Piemonte?
Brachetto Grignolino Ruchè Croatian Freisa Vespolina
What is Piemonte’s most-planted white grape? What are 4 other indigenous white grapes grown here?
Moscato Bianco (Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains) is the most planted white grape
Cortese
Arneis
Erbaluce
Favorita (Vermentino)
What is the synonym for Vermentino in Piemonte?
Favorita
What are 5 international grapes with significant acreage planted to them in Piemonte?
Cabernet Sauvignon Syrah Merlot Chardonnay Sauvignon Blanc
Which region in Italy is home to more DOC zones than any other?
Piemonte
What river are the DOCGs of Barolo and Barbaresco located along? What province are they within?
Tanaro River
Within the Cuneo Province
What are the top 5 communes for Barolo?
La Morra Barolo Serralunga d'Alba Monforte d'Alba Castiglione Falletto
What are the two main soil types of Barolo and which communes have each? What characteristics do they imbue to the wines?
Tortonian:
contain a higher proportion of calcareous marl characterize the vineyards of La Morra and Barolo and provide a softer style of wine.
Serravallian (Helvetian):
sandstone soils are more common in Monforte d’Alba and Serralunga d’Alba and supply more structure in the wines.
Castiglione Falletto has a mix of both of these soil types
What are the aging requirements for Barolo normale and riserva?
Normale:
38 months from November 1 (18 months in oak)
Riserva: 62 months prior to release
When did modernization techniques first appear in Barolo creating a divergence in style?
1980s
What are the top 3 traditional producers in Barolo? 3 top modern producers?
Traditionalists:
Giacomo Conterno
Bartolo Mascarello
Giuseppe Rinaldi
Modernists:
Paolo Scavino
Luciano Sandrone
Elio Altare
What 4 towns are permitted for the production of Barbaresco?
Portion of Alba
Barbaresco
Neive
Treiso
What are the aging requirements for Barabareso normale and riserva?
Normale: 2 years (including min 9 months in oak)
Riserva:
4 years
What is the top traditional producer in Barbaresco? What is a close second?
Bruno Giacosa
Produttori del Barbaresco
Whose wines put Barbaresco on the map in the 20th century? Under what protected appellation does he release his wines under?
Angelo Gaja
Langhe DOC
What are Barolo and Barbaresco frequently compared to Burgundy?
The wines show similar aromatic richness, and the Langhe’s climate, the importance of single vineyards, and the modern emphasis on domaine bottling parallel the structure of Burgundy
When did an emphasis on domaines and estate-bottling being to really dominate?
1960s
When did the Barolo/Barbaresco/Langhe Consorzio vote to enshrine the crus of Barbaresco? When did Barolo follow suit? What is the term for these?
Barbaresco (2007)
Barolo (2010)
menzione geografiche aggiuntive
What is Barolo Chinato? Who is the top producer?
DOCG for aromatized wine that is flavored with quinine.
Cappellano is the best
When was the Roero DOC elevated to DOCG? What styles are produced here? Grapes?
2004
Red and white from mostly Nebbiolo and Arneis respectively
What is the min % of Nebbiolo required for Roero DOCG rosso wines?
Min 95%
What causes the Nebbiolo wines of Roero DOCG to express themselves as lighter, softer style compared to Barolo and Barbaresco?
Sandy soils
What are the two Nebbiolo DOCGs located north of the Po River along the Sesia River?
Gattinara DOCG
Ghemme DOCG
What river are the DOCGs Gattinara and Ghemme located along?
Sesia
What is Nebbiolo known as in Gattinara and Ghemme? What are the two common blending grapes combined with Nebbiolo here?
Known as Spanna
Vespolina and Bonarda are the common blending partners here.
What clone of Bonarda is used as a blending grape in the DOCGs of Ghemme and Gattinara respectively? Is either grape related to the Bonarda of Argentina?
Uva Rara/Bonarda Novarese (Ghemme)
Bonarda di Gattinara (Gattinara)
Neither is related to the Bonarda grape of Argentina
What are two DOCs near Ghemme DOCG producing similar style Nebbiolo-based wines as the DOCG?
Lessona DOC
Sizzano DOC
What is a top DOC for Nebbiolo near the Valle d’Aosta border known for producing fragrant wines especially in warmer vintages?
Carema DOC
In what hills do the best Barbera vines grow in Piemonte?
Monferrato Hills
What are the 3 DOCGs for Barbera in Piemonte? When were they established?
Barbera d’Asti DOCG (2008)
Barbera del Monferrato Superiore DOCG (2008)
Nizza (2014)
What are the aging requirements for Barbera d’Asti DOCG and Barbera del Monferrato Superiore DOCG?
Barbera d’Asti: can be released after 4 months of aging
Barbera del Monferrato Superiore DOCG:
14 months including 6 months in cask
Which aging vessel is common for the maturation of Barbera wines?
New French Oak
What is the name of the DOCG in the Monferrato Hills for fragrant red wines that is produced from a different grape than the other big 3 DOCGs there?
Roche di Castagole Monferrato
What are the 3 DOCG wines of Piemonte produced for Dolcetto? What is the minimum aging period for all 3 of these DOCGs superiore versions?
Dogliani DOCG
Dolcetto di Ovada Superiore (Ovada) DOCG
Dolcetto di Diano d’Alba DOCG
All superiores must be aged for a min 1 year
How many classified sorì are there in Diano d’Alba DOCG?
77
What is the top producer of Dogliani DOCG?
Luigi Einaudi
What was the first still white wine DOCG in Piemonte? What province is this located in? What DOCG borders it to the west?
Gavi (Cortese di Gavi) DOCG
Located in the extreme southern part of the Alessandria province.
Ovada borders it to the west
What styles are produced in Gavi? Grape?
Tranquillo
Spumante or frizzante
Cortese is the grape
What DOCG is south of Carema DOC? What styles of wine are produced there and from what grape? When was it elevated to DOCG?
Erbaluce di Caluso DOCG
tranquillo, spumante, or passito wines are produced here from the Erbaluce grape
Elevated to DOCG in late 2010
What is the largest producing DOCG in Italy?
Asti/Moscato d’Asti DOCG
How are the grapes used for Moscato d’Asti different than those used for Asti spumante?
They are riper
What is the maximum atm pressure level for Moscato d’Asti?
2atm
What is the name of the metodo classico DOCG in Piemonte for wines produced from Chardonnay and Pinot Nero (Pinot Noir)?
Alta Langa DOCG
What are the aging requirements for Alta Langa DOCG?
spumante:
min 30 months aging after harvest
spumante riserva:
min 36 months
What are two top producers of Alta Langa DOCG wines?
Fontanafredda and Enrico Serafino
What is the climate of Valle d’Aosta?
Continental with long, cold winters and short, hot summers
What is the main river of Valle d’Aosta?
Dora Baltea River
What is the sole DOC for Valle d’Aosta wine? What are the 7 subzones?
Valle d’Aosta DOC
subzones: Blanc de Morgex et de la Salle Arnad-Montjovet Donnas Torrette Enfer d'Arvier Nus Chambave
What are the three subzones of Valle d’Aosta DOC that champion the Petit Rouge grape?
Torrette
Enfer d’Arvier
Chambave
What is the name of the synonym for Nebbiolo in Valle d’Aosta DOC? What are the two top subzones in the DOC for this grape?
Picotendro
Donnas
Arnad-Montjovet
What is the name of the star grape for the wines produced in La Salle in Valle d’Aosta? What is the name of the sub zone? What mountain is this area located on?
Prié is the grape
Blanc de Morgex et de la Salle is the subzone
Mont Blanc is the mountain
What is the name of the indigenous grape of Valle d’Aosta produced almost exclusively as rosé?
Premetta
Other then Picotendro (Nebbiolo) what are 5 other star red grapes of Valle d’Aosta DOC?
Petit Arvine Gamay Petit Rouge Fumin Premetta
What is the capital city of Lombardy?
Milan
What is the most important DOCG zone in Lombardy and biggest rival to quality of Champagne?
Franciacorta DOCG
What DOC are still wines produced under in the Franciacorta area? What IGT?
Curtefranca DOC (formerly Terre di Franciacorta)
Sebino IGT