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history - britain > Northern Ireland > Flashcards

Northern Ireland Flashcards

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1
Q

What were the troubles?

A

The cycle of violence between 1960s and 1990s dominated by terrorist conflict between nationalists and unionists

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2
Q

What was the easter rising?

A

Republicans attacked British troops

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3
Q

When was the easter rising?

A

1916

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4
Q

When was the anglo-irish war?

A

1919-1921

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5
Q

What did a treaty of 1921 do?

A

Partitioned the country creating northern and southern ireland

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6
Q

Who was stormont dominated by?

A

Protestants

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7
Q

What did the protestants monopolise?

A

Best of everything

  • housing
  • schools
  • jobs
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8
Q

What did the Catholics believe the political corruption was set up to do?

A

Take away Catholic voices and operate a system of favouritism

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9
Q

Who were the Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC)?

A

The police

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10
Q

Who were the RUC bias to?

A

Bias to protestants

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11
Q

When did the issues in Northern Ireland become a threat to UK governement?

A

1964 due to the civil rights movement

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12
Q

Why did the civil rights movement begin?

A

Catholics challenged the situation in Northern Ireland

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13
Q

When was the NICRA founded

A

1967

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14
Q

What does NICRA stand for?

A

Northern Ireland Civil Rights association

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15
Q

Who made up the NICRA?

A

Students

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16
Q

What did the NICRA do?

A

condemned the political corruption and called for a fair distribution of resources

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17
Q

What were the marches in October 1968 for?

A

Civil rights marches of Catholic nationalists protesting against discrimination

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18
Q

What was the battle of bogside?

A

Loyalist apprentice boys held their annual march in Derry however were attacked in bogside (catholic area) by nationalists.
The RUC were seen on TV beating people causing mass riots across the nation

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19
Q

When was the battle of bogside?

A

1969

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20
Q

When were the first deaths due to the troubles?

A

Summer 1969

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21
Q

What did James Callaghan do in 1969 in Northern Irealnds?

A

He sent British troops to Northern Ireland
At first they were welcomes
IRA reorganised and attacked

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22
Q

What did Heath try to find in Northern Ireland?

A

A political solution

23
Q

Who did Heath support in 1971 (NI)?

A

Brian Faulkner

24
Q

Who was Brian Faulkner?

A

Unionists leader of Belfast government

25
Q

What did Brian Faulkner introduce?

A

Night-time curfews

Internment

26
Q

What is Internment?

A

Arrested suspected trouble maker without holding a trial

27
Q

What percentage of people arrested by internment were Catholic?

A

95%

28
Q

What were the consequences of internment?

A
  • 95% Catholics
  • ‘Best recruiting tool’ for the IRA
  • Increased tensions
  • Increased Catholic belief of persecution
  • Strained relations between the British and Irish government
  • Destroyed cross-party relations - Many Labour MPs hated and called for withdrawal of troops
29
Q

When was Bloody Sunday?

A

30th January 1972

30
Q

What was Bloody Sunday?

A

NICRA started a prohibited civil rights movement march causing British soldiers to fire at unarmed civilians

31
Q

What were the consequences of Bloody sunday?

A

26 unarmed were shot and 13 died

32
Q

When was the British embassy in Dublin burned down?

A

1972

33
Q

What was the deadliest years of the troubles and why?

A

1972
1382 explosions
10628 shot
480 killed

34
Q

When did Heath suspend stormont?

A

March 1972

35
Q

When Stormont was suspended who had rule over Ireland?

A

Westminister

36
Q

What was the Widgery report?

A

An inquiry into Bloody Sunday

Claims that British troops were shot at first

37
Q

When was the Widgery report?

A

May 1973

38
Q

When was the Sunningdale agreement?

A

1973

39
Q

Who was part of the Sunningdale agreement?

A

SDLP
Alliance
UUP
Dublin government

40
Q

What were the proposals of the sunningdale agreement?

A
  • Power share
  • Elected assembly using proportional representation
  • Council of Ireland would get input from the Republic of Ireland
41
Q

What were the consequences of the Sunningdale agreement?

A
  • Violence - increased IRA attacks
  • Seen as a sell out by extremists
  • UUP pulled out in Jan 1974 replacing leader
  • In Feb 1974 election 11/12 NI constituencies elected an anti sunningdale candidate
  • Opposed parties only put up one candidate
42
Q

How long was the strikes in May 1974 in Ireland?

A

15 days - to protest the sunningdale agreement

43
Q

What was the 1974 Northern Ireland act?

A

Created a constitutional convention

Reintroduce power sharing

44
Q

What was the 1974 prevention of terrorism act?

A

Gave police extended powers

45
Q

What was the cause of the 1974 prevention of terrorism act?

A

Pub bombings from the IRA in Oxford and Birmingham

46
Q

What was the turnout of the 1974 election?

A

66%

47
Q

What did the turnout of the 1974 election show in Northern Ireland?

A

People were more willing to follow a peaceful path

48
Q

When was the constitutional convention dissolved?

A

1976 July

49
Q

What does it mean when the government withdrew ‘special category status’?

A

They were no longer treated as political prisoners rather as if they were criminals

50
Q

What were blanket protests?

A

Refused to wear their prison uniform

51
Q

What did the blanket protests develop into?

A

Dirty protests

52
Q

What were dirty protests?

A

Prisoners refused to leave their cells and smeared shit up the walls

53
Q

In 1979, how many prisoners were part of the dirty protest?

A

250

history - britain (9 decks)

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