Northern Challengers Flashcards
What were the three biggest Northern challengers?
English, Dutch and French
Who was John Cabot, Nationality?
looking for the North-West passage, English.
What did Henry V||| do?
Made himself the head of the ‘Church of England’, splitting England from the church for the first time.
What was Elizabeth | religion and what did she endorse?
Protestant (enemies of Spain + Portugal) endorsed piracy/ privateering and created the sea dogs.
Who was Sir Francis Drake? What sea routes did he discover?
The most famous Sea Dog and circumnavigated the globe, under Africa + under South America + over Australia
How much money did Sir Francis Drake make from one journey?
upon returning home, the queen’s 50% was worth more than the total revenue of the crown for that year.
Why did Spain try to invade England?
To remove the protestant queen
What was the result of the Spanish invasion of England?
The Spanish set out with 130 ships and returned with 67 after 6 weeks of fighting.
English ships were faster and they used long-range weapons.
Where was England’s first colony? What did they farm there? What was the colony’s lifestyle?
Virginia, farmed one 5th of all of gold and silver for Europe. Puritan, biblical lifestyle.
What was the scale of land that the English held?
all the coast from Canada - the Caribbean.
What was the most common thing for the English to collect with West India colonies?
2
Tobacco +Rice (using slaves)
When were English trading posts set and where?
1690 in SE Asia.
What was the purpose of English factories? What did they hold?
to store goods for transport.
spice, cotton, dye, porcelain
Factory quote:
“underclass terrorised the, [factories] from dusk till dawn” (M. Glies)
Who made a company its own state, what did this involve?
King Charles || by allowing them to mint their own money, command their own military, enforce laws and expand without consulting the crown.
What were the Dutch most focussed on, financially? How was this supported by their geographical location?
trade, they connected North and South Europe financially.
What was the Dutch religion?
majority of the people were protestant, they had a Catholic monarch resulting in tension.
Why were the Dutch successful with travel in the Indian ocean?
many of their sailors used to be Portuguese, so they had great knowledge of the Indian ocean resulting in more trade.
What was the Dutch East India Company called, how did this help Dutch trade?
VOC created a trade monopoly and focussed on forcing Portugal out of the trade.
When was VOC most successful?
1690 the company became the richest in the world.
What was Jacques Cattier focused on? Nationality?
French and tried to find the North-West passage
What did the French trade for in the New World?
Beaver pelts - massive demand.
Were the French successful in converting Native Americans to Christianity?
No
What did New France rely on? + colony quote:
trading with the natives.
“French had more of an alliance than a governance” (weekly reading)
