Northern Challengers

Question 1

What were the three biggest Northern challengers?

Answer 1

English, Dutch and French

Question 2

Who was John Cabot, Nationality?

Answer 2

looking for the North-West passage, English.

Question 3

What did Henry V||| do?

Answer 3

Made himself the head of the ‘Church of England’, splitting England from the church for the first time.

Question 4

What was Elizabeth | religion and what did she endorse?

Answer 4

Protestant (enemies of Spain + Portugal) endorsed piracy/ privateering and created the sea dogs.

Question 5

Who was Sir Francis Drake? What sea routes did he discover?

Answer 5

The most famous Sea Dog and circumnavigated the globe, under Africa + under South America + over Australia

Question 6

How much money did Sir Francis Drake make from one journey?

Answer 6

upon returning home, the queen’s 50% was worth more than the total revenue of the crown for that year.

Question 7

Why did Spain try to invade England?

Answer 7

To remove the protestant queen

Question 8

What was the result of the Spanish invasion of England?

Answer 8

The Spanish set out with 130 ships and returned with 67 after 6 weeks of fighting.
English ships were faster and they used long-range weapons.

Question 9

Where was England’s first colony? What did they farm there? What was the colony’s lifestyle?

Answer 9

Virginia, farmed one 5th of all of gold and silver for Europe. Puritan, biblical lifestyle.

Question 10

What was the scale of land that the English held?

Answer 10

all the coast from Canada - the Caribbean.

Question 11

What was the most common thing for the English to collect with West India colonies?

2

Answer 11

Tobacco +Rice (using slaves)

Question 12

When were English trading posts set and where?

Answer 12

1690 in SE Asia.

Question 13

What was the purpose of English factories? What did they hold?

Answer 13

to store goods for transport.

spice, cotton, dye, porcelain

Question 14

Factory quote:

Answer 14

“underclass terrorised the, [factories] from dusk till dawn” (M. Glies)

Question 15

Who made a company its own state, what did this involve?

Answer 15

King Charles || by allowing them to mint their own money, command their own military, enforce laws and expand without consulting the crown.

Question 16

What were the Dutch most focussed on, financially? How was this supported by their geographical location?

Answer 16

trade, they connected North and South Europe financially.

Question 17

What was the Dutch religion?

Answer 17

majority of the people were protestant, they had a Catholic monarch resulting in tension.

Question 18

Why were the Dutch successful with travel in the Indian ocean?

Answer 18

many of their sailors used to be Portuguese, so they had great knowledge of the Indian ocean resulting in more trade.

Question 19

What was the Dutch East India Company called, how did this help Dutch trade?

Answer 19

VOC created a trade monopoly and focussed on forcing Portugal out of the trade.

Question 20

When was VOC most successful?

Answer 20

1690 the company became the richest in the world.

Question 21

What was Jacques Cattier focused on? Nationality?

Answer 21

French and tried to find the North-West passage

Question 22

What did the French trade for in the New World?

Answer 22

Beaver pelts - massive demand.

Question 23

Were the French successful in converting Native Americans to Christianity?

Answer 23

No

Question 24

What did New France rely on? + colony quote:

Answer 24

trading with the natives.

“French had more of an alliance than a governance” (weekly reading)

Question 25

What was the French relationship with the Native Americans?

Answer 25

they were initially positive, even when expanding inland. Though their relationship soured over winter.

Question 26

What did the French farm in the New World colonies? How successful were they with this?

Answer 26

tobacco, coffee, spice, sugar, indigo, and cocoa. They produced more sugar and coffee than all British combined.

Question 27

When did the French create their first factory? And Where?

Answer 27

1668 in (Surat)

Question 28

How successful were the French with their East India company?

Answer 28

They never made half of the British income and never had half of their territory.