North And South Divide Flashcards
Countries that are industrialized and developed
First World
Countries that are mostly developing, non-industrialized or semi-industrialized
Third World
From indirect colonialism in which a neocolony is dominated, economically, culturally, or politically by a more powerful country
Neocolonialism
policy of cutting budget for social services, so as to reduce a country’s budget deficit.
Austerity
refers to income below the minimum level required for physical survival.(World Bank defines this level as 1 US dollar per day, a level at which basic needs are barely met but survival is not actually threatened).
Absolute Poverty
process of closer economic integration of countries within a region (oftentimes, culturally and geographically linked countries).
Regionalism
is more than the extension of a “metaphor for underdeveloped countries.” In general, it refers to the countries’ interconnected histories of colonialism, neo-imperialism, and differential economic and social change through which large inequalities in living standards, life expectancy, and access to resources are maintained.
Global South
refers to developed societies of Europe andNorthAmerica, which are characterized by established democracy, wealth, technological advancement, political stability, aging population, zero population growth and dominance of world trade and politics.
Global North
with one quarter of the world population—controls four-fifths of the income earned anywhere in the world. 90% of the manufacturing industries are owned by and located in
North
—with one quarter of the world populations—has access to one-fifth of the world income. As nations become economically developed, they may become part of the North; similarly, any nations that do not qualify for developed status are in effect to be part of the
South
- Generally assumes that the international system is inherently disorderly and relations are anarchic because primary actors are perpetually locked against a struggle for power and security.
- The behaviours and actions of these states are directed toward the promotion of their self-interest. There can be no middle ground or moderation with regard to the scope of power accumulation. A state either has power or none at all.
Realism
• A theory based on the same economic theory that emerged from the works of Karl Marx.
• Note that realism and liberalism are politics-centric theories of international relations.
• Specifically argues that the instability in the international system results from different facets of class struggle such as the problems due to:
•Capitalism
• Exploitation of resources by the few
• Uneven distribution of wealth; and
The institutionalization of inequality and injustice
Marxism
- General assumptions of liberalism center on the notion that the rejection of power politics is the only possible outcome of international relations.
- States are not the only primary actors in the international politics according to liberalism. International organizations such as supranational authorities and non-government organizations to include business organizations and non-profit organizations play critical roles in shaping international relations.
Liberalism
- Considers international politics as a real of interaction influenced by the identities and practices of actors and directed further by the incessantly changing norms.
- The motivation behind the behaviours and actions of a state is shaped by their interactions with other states and actors
- Constructionism perceives these actors as social beings whose identities and interests are the product of social structures.
Constructivism
Global economic integration is not only inevitable given the rise of new technologies; it is more importantly, a normative international goal.
Globalism (Steger):
