North America Flashcards
1
Q
Where does US rank in world wine production?
A
4th
2
Q
First native grape wine in US by colonists?
A
1560s in Florida and 1600 in Jamestown
3
Q
First successful vinifera wines produces where and when
A
Texas and New Mexico in 1620s
4
Q
When where first CA wine grapes planted?
A
1770s
5
Q
What grape was planted first in CA
A
Mission Grape
6
Q
Start and end of prohibition>?
A
1920-1933
7
Q
Which Amendment repealed Prohibition
A
21st
8
Q
3 people attributed to success of CA quality wine in the 1960s
A
Robert Mondavi, Mike Grgich, Warren Winiarski
9
Q
Which wines won the Paris tasting of 1976
A
Stag’s Leap SLV Cab Sauv 1973 -Winiarski
Chateau Montelena Chardonnay 1973 - Jim Barrett
10
Q
Who was responsible for reasonable priced American Table wine after prohibition
A
Ernest and Julio Galla
11
Q
Who was the Hungarian immigrant who brought European vines to Sonoma in 1961
A
Agoston Haraszthy
12
Q
Founder of first winery in Napa in 1861
A
Charles Krug
13
Q
Who was Nicholas Longworth
A
Founder in 1930s of first successful commercial winery in US in Ohio
14
Q
Who was Robert Mondavi
A
CA winemaker instrumental for establishing quality in CA wines
15
Q
Who was the journalist credited for promoting concept of varietal
A
Frank Schoonmaker
16
Q
Who was the CA winemaker responsible for introducing modern wine making techniques and techonologies
A
Andre Tchelistcheff
17
Q
What is Bob Trinchero known for
A
Developing white Zinfandel
18
Q
Rules of AVAs
A
American Viticultural Areas have no rules regarding approved varieties or yields or techniques. They are just defined areas that describe the place of origin
19
Q
Which org defines AVAs
A
TTB
20
Q
What is an AVA
A
A delineating area that has a unify8ing viticultural characteristic
21
Q
How many AVAs in US
A
267
22
Q
How many AVAs in CA
A
147
23
Q
Label Requirements for Wines in US (8)
A
- Brand name
- Type of wine (varietal or appelation)
- Alcohol content
- Name and address of bottler
- Place of origin (country or more specific)
- Net volume
7 sulfite statement - The two health warnings
24
Q
What are semi-generic names on labels?
A
Names that are used outside of US to refer to specific regions, like Chablis and Port. No longer allowed unless approved prior to March 2006
25
Label Alcohol variance allowance
+- 1.5% for wines under 14%, over 14%. +- 1%
26
For wines identified by country and nothing more specific, what percentage of grapes much come from that stated country?
75%
27
If a vintage data is on a label what percentage of grapes much come from that vintage? What if the label also contains an AVA
85%. / 95%
28
If grape variety is on label what is the min percentage of that variety?
75%
29
What percentage of Vitis Labrusca grapes must be in bottle if varietal labeled
51%
30
What is the min percentage of variety labeled wine in Oregon
90% for key varieties only
31
What percentage of grapes must be from the stated state if labeled
75%, except CA and OR =100%, WA = 95%
32
What percentage of grapes must come from AVA if on label
85%, except OR = 95%
33
What percentage of grapes must come from specific vineyard if on label
95%
34
What is meritage?
Bordeaux blend that only members of the Meritage Alliance are entitled to use. Must be winery’s most expensive wine of it’s style and cannot exceed 25K cases. Must contain Bordeaux varieties with no one more than 90% in blend
35
Flavor profile of labrusca grapes
Foxy, and acidic
36
Name some Native American grapes
Catawba, Delaware, Niagara, Concord, Muscadine
37
Name some hybrids resistant to phyloxera
Serval Blanc, Vidal Blanc, Chambourcin
38
Who brought Zinfandel to US
George Gibbs in 1820s. Long Island
39
What is Petite Sirah also known as, what is a cross off
Durif, Syrah X Peloursin
40
T/F Johannisberg Riesling as also known as Riesling and no longer allowed to be used as variety name
True
41
Percentage of US wine from CA
80%
42
Name the 5 super AVAs of CA
North Coast, Sierra Foothills, San Francisco Bay, Central Coast, South Coast
43
Where are majority of grapes grown in CA
Central Valley - not an AVA!! , specifically San Joaquin Valley
44
What is the largest vineyard acreage in the state of CA
San Joaquin Valley in Central Valley, South of Sacramento
45
Leading red and white style in Napa
Cabernet Sauvignon, and Chardonnay
46
Number of wineries in Napa
400+
47
Percentage of CA wine output in Napa
4%. Yields are kept low
48
Which is hotter? South or North Napa
North Napa
49
Percentage of red in Napa
75%
50
Top reds in Napa
Cab Sauv, Merlot, Pinot Noir
51
Top Whites in Napa
Chardonnay and Sauv Blanc
52
Name the 8 AVAs along the valley floor of Napa, along the Napa river, North to South
Calistoga, St. Helena, Rutherford, Oakville, Yountville, Stag’s Leap, Oak Knoll, Coombsville
53
Name the 3 Napa AVA in the Mayacamas Mts hills
Diamond Mtn, Spring Mtn, Mount Veeder
54
Name the 2 or 3 South Napa AVAs
Los Carneros, Coombsville, Wild Horse Valley
55
Name the 3 East, Vaca hills, Napa AVAs
Howell Mtn, Chiles Valley, Atlas Peak
56
What is one of the warmest AVAs in Napa
Calistoga
57
What is unique about Rutherford, Napa
Rutherford dust soil, great for Cab with high tannin
58
What keeps Stag’s Leap very warm
The rocks radiate heat
59
Main grape varieties for Napa valley, by river AVAs
Cab Sauv, Zinfandel, Merlot, Syrah
60
Main varieties of south Napa AVAs
Pinot Noir, Chardonnay
61
Main grape varieties for Napa higher elevation AVAs
Cab Sauv, Merlot, Zinfandel
62
Main grape varieties for Atlas Peak, Napa
Cab Sauv and Chardonnay
63
Only elevation specific AVA in Napa
Howell Mountain
64
Percentage of wines that are red in in Sonoma
2/3
65
Leading varietals in Sonoma
Pinot Noir, Cab Sauv, Chardonnay
66
Most planted white variety in Sonoma
Chardonnay
67
Name the 4 large Sonoma AVAs
Sonoma Coast, Russian River Valley, Sonoma Valley, Northern Sonoma
68
Describe climate of Sonoma Coast AVA
Dry cool, high rainfall
69
Leading grapes of Sonoma Coast AVA
Pinot Noir, Chardonnay, Syrah
70
Name the 3 AVAs within the Sonoma Coast AVA
Fort Ross Seaview, Petaluma Gap, West Sonoma
71
Name the 2 AVAs within Russian River Valley AVA
Green VAlley of Russian River, Chalk Hill
72
Name the 4 AVAs within the Sonoma Valley AVA
Sonoma Mountain, Bennet Valley, Moon Mountain, Carneros
73
Name the 6 inland, east, Sonoma AVAs
Dry Creek Valley, Rockpile, Alexander Valley, Knights Valley, Pine Mtn/Cloverdale Peak, Fountaingrove
74
What climatic event is the Petaluma Gap know for
The wind gap… daily west to east afternoon breezes that cool the area
75
Which AVA in Sonoma is know for it’s volcanic white soil?
Chalk Hill AVA
76
Which AVA in Sonoma is considered one of the best for Zinfandel
Dry Creek Valley
77
What area does Northern Sonoma AVA encompass?
Most of Sonoma except for Sonoma Valley and Carneros
78
Which AVA is know for having much of it’s growth dedicated to organic certified grapes (25%)
Mendocino AVA
79
Where is Mendocino County?
North of Sonoma
80
3 main AVA in Mendocino County
Anderson Valley, Mendocino Ridge, Cole Ranch
81
What is unique about Mendocino Ridge AVA
‘Islands in the Sky’, non contiguous high elevations
82
Which is the smallest AVA in CA
Cole Ranch AVA, Mendocino. 60 acres, after planter John Cole 1970s
83
What is the coolest AVA in CA
Anderson Valley AVA, Mendocino
84
The AVAs in Lake County are know for?
High elevation, good air quality, thick skins, high tannin, high phenols, and low pyrazines
85
Where is Lake County
North of Napa
86
Primary grapes of central coast AVA
Pinot noir and chardonnay
87
Where is 20% of CA Chardonnay produced?
Monterrey
88
Key AVAs of San Luis Obispo
Paso Robles, York Mtn, San Luis Obispo Coast, Edna, Arroyo Grande Valley
89
Main AVAs of Santa Barbara
Santa Maria Valley, Alisos Canyon, Santa Ynez Valley, Ballard Canyon, Los Olivos, Sta. Rita Hills, Happy Canyon
90
4 AVAs inside Santa Ynez AVA
Ballard Canyon, Los Olivos, Happy Canyon, Sta. Rita Hills,
91
Why the name Happy Canyon?
During prohibition people took a trip to ‘Happy Canyon’ where bootleg alcohol was produced
92
What is Alisos Canyon also called?
Goldilocks Rhône zone. Perfect climate for Rhône varieties such as Syrah, Grenache, Viognier
93
Largest AVA in San Luis Obispo County
Paso Robles
94
Coolest area of Central Valley
Lodi
95
Oldest vineyard producing Cinsault, and where?
Bechthold Vineyard (1886), Lodi, Central Valley
96
What percentage of CA grape acreage is in Sierra Foothills AVA
~1%
97
Name of first catholic mission, year, and name of priest that planted first mission grapes in CA
San Diego de Alcala, 1769, by Fr. Junipero Serra
98
When were first commercial wineries established in CA?
1820s
99
First acknowledged quality Bordeaux style winery in CA?
El Aliso, in what is now know as Los Angeles, 1833 by Jean Louis Vignes
100
2 factors that decimated Southern California’s winemaking region in the early 20th Century
1. Prohibition, 2. Pierce’s disease
101
Top AVAs of South Coast AVA
Cooler: Temecula, Ramona, San Pasquale
Warmer: Cucamonga, High California Desert, Sierra Palona, Leona
102
AVAs in South Coast are increasingly know for which varieties
Petite Syrah and Viognier
103
Primary varieties of South Coast
Zinfandel, Cab Sauv, Merlot, Syrah
104
Name 3 cool climate AVAs of Monterey
Chalone, Arroyo Seco, Sta Lucia Highlands
105
Name 2 warm climate AVAs of Monterrey
Hames Valley, San Lucas
106
8 AVAs of Lake County
Clear Lake, Benmore Valley, High Valley, Red Hills-Lake Cnty, Big Valley District-Lake Cnty, Kelsey Bench-Lake Cnty, Guenoc Valley, Upper Lake Valley
107
Seven AVAs of Lodi
Alta Mesa, Borden Ranch, Clements Hill, Consumnes River, Jahant, Mokelumne River, Sloughhouse
108
5 AVAs of Sierra Foothills AVA
North Yuba, Fiddletown, El Dorado, California Shenandoah Valley, Fair Play
109
What state is the second largest producer of wine grapes in US
WA
110
Where did wine industry begin in WA
Pugit Sound
111
Percentage reds in WA
60%
112
Top reds in WA
Cab Sauv, Merlot, Syrah
113
Top Whites in WA
Chardonnay, Riesling
114
Percentage of Wine production of WA in Pugit Sound
Less than 1%
115
What mountains cast a rain shadow on the wine growing regions in WA
Cascade Mountains
116
What is one of the driest and warmest AVAs in WA that has ~15% of all acreage
Wahluke Slope
117
White Bluffs AVA gets its name from?
The deep layer of lakebed sediment, called Ringold Formation, that is whitish in color
118
Soils of Naches Heights AVA
Wind blown loess with clay
119
WA AVA from which state’s highest rated wines hail from
Horse Heaven Hills
120
Where does Ancient Lakes of Columbia Valley AVA name come from
The area has a series of 30+ pothole lakes formed by the Missoula Floods more than 12000 years ago
121
What was WA state first 100 point Syrah and where from
Charles Smith Royal City Syrah 2006, Royal Slope AVA
122
5 sub AVAs of Yakima Valley
Rattlesnake Hills, Snipes Mtn, Red Mtn, Goose Gap, Candy Mtn
123
WA AVA where majority is planted white
Yakima Valley
124
2 AVAs in Eastern WA outside of Columbia Valley AVA
Columbia Gorge, Lewis Clark Valley
125
Which WA AVAs are shared with OR?
Columbia Valley, Columbia Gorge, Walla Walla
126
Lewis Clark Valley share with which state?
Idaho
127
Names of the 3 UC Davis graduates determined to plant vineyards in OR in the late 60s
David Lett, Charles Coury, Dick Erath
128
French producer who established a winery in 1988 in OR due to similar climate as burgundy
Joseph Drouhin, Domain Drouhin
129
OR is know for these types of wine
Pinot Noir, Pinot Gris, sparkling
130
% of Pinot noir in OR
60%
131
In OR, key variety must contain a min of __% of the grape on label
90% for key varieties, loosened a bit for non key
132
OR key varieties
Pinot Noir, Pinot Gris, Chardonnay, Riesling, Pinot Blanc
133
Which AVA produces 75% of grapes in OR
Willamette
134
Which AVA encompasses Rogue AVA and Umpqua AVA
Southern Oregon AVA
135
Sub AVA of Rogue Valley AVA
Applegate AVA
136
2 sub AVAs of Umpqua Valley AVA
Red Hill Douglass County and Elkton Oregon AVAs
137
Which AVA partially in OR accounts for 85% of Idaho’s commercial vine acreage
Snake River Valley AVA
138
Which AVA in NY comprises 85% of production
Finger Lakes AVA
139
Name the 2 sub AVAs of Finger Lakes
Cayuga Lake and Seneca Lake AVAs
140
Top White and Top Red of Finger Lakes AVA
Riesling and Cab Franc
141
3 main lakes of Finger Lakes
Cayuga, Seneca, Keuka
142
Who brought Vitis Vinifera to New York (Finger Lakes) in the 60s
Dr. Konstantin Frank
143
Key Labrusca variety in Finger Lakes
Concord
144
Key hybrid varieties in Finger Lakes
Vidal, Seyval Blanc, Cayuga
145
2 sub AVAs of Long Island
Hampton, North Folk AVAs
146
What is Long Island AVA know for
Bordeaux blends
147
What is the oldest continuously operating winery in the US and where?
Brotherhood Winery in Hudson Valley since 1839
148
What is Benmarl Vineyards
One of the oldest vineyards in the country, planted in early 1800s, Hudson Valley
149
One of the first modern and renowned Canadian wineries
Inniskillin Estate Winery in Niagara on the Lake
150
Which provinces has wine production concentration in Canada
Ontario, British Columbia, Nova Scotia, and Quebec
151
Largest wine producing province in Canada
Ontario
152
Percentage of total vineyards in Ontario in Canada
55%
153
Ontario wine regions is moderated by these two lakes
Ontario and Erie
154
By what ‘organization’ are Ontario wines regulated? Both appellations and quality control
VQA - Vintners Quality Alliance
155
What is a Canadian equivalent to an American AVA
DVA - Dedicated Viticultural Area
156
Name the 3 primary DVAs of Ontario
Niagara Peninsula, Lake Erie North Shore, Prince Edward County
157
Which DVA in Ontario has roughly 85% of all vines
Niagara Peninsula
158
Percentage W / R in Ontario
60/40.
159
Leading varieties in Ontario
Riesling, Cab Franc, Chardonnay, Pinot Noir
160
Leading varieties for Ontarian Icewine
Vidal and Riesling
161
Second largest wine producing province in Canada
British Columbia
162
Percentage of wine production of Canada in British Columbia
35%
163
Leading grapes of British Columbia
Chardonnay, Pinot Noir, Riesling, Cab Sauv, Merlot
164
Where are most vineyards located in British Columbia
Okanagan Valley
165
Where are most DVAs located in British Columbia
Okanagan Valley
166
Name 4 notable British Columbia DVAs
Okanagan Valley, Vancouver Island, Gulf Islands, Kootenays
167
‘Organization’ that overseas standards, quantity and appellations in British Columbia
BCWA - British Columbia Wine Authority
168
Name some cold-hardy hybrid varieties from Quebec
Frontenac, Vidal, Seyval Blanc, Marquette
169
Name of icewine produced in Quebec
Vin de glace du Quebec
170
What is Tidal Bay
Flagship wine from Nova Scotia - a still white wine from 100% Nova Scotia grapes
171
90% of Mexican wine produced is centered in ____
Baja California
172
Main wine region of Baja California, Mexico
Valle de Guadalupe, near Ensenada
173
Center of wine tourism in Mexico
Ensenada city. Host annual wine festival ‘Fiesta de la Vendimia’ and is a key point on the Ruta del Vino
174
Principal white grapes of Mexico
Chenin Blanc, Chardonnay, Sauv. Blanc, Viognier
175
Principal Red grapes of Mexico
Cab Sauv, Merlot, Malbec, Grenache, Barbara, Syrah, Tempranillo
176
Name of the oldest winery in the Americas and where
Casa Madero (Founded as Hacienda de San Lorenzo in 1597), bought by Don Evaristo Madero in 1893, in Patras de la Fuente by the US Mexican border.
177
What provides the relatively cooler climate of Patras de la Fuente
The elevation by the Sierra Madre Oriental Mts.
