Normans Flashcards
Who won the battle of Stamford bridge
The Saxons
Where was Harold Godwinson when William invaded and why
When William arrived on the English coast Harold was not there ready to battle with him. This is because Harold had first off waited on the South coast for William to arrive but because William took time in preparing for the battle, eventually due to Hardrada’s arrival he has to move his troops north
This was then an advantage for William as it meant when Harold did arrive in the south his men were exhausted from marching and having already fought in a battle with the vikings
What were the events of Stamford bridge
After the loss at Fulford Gate, Harold moved his southern army north covering 190miles in just 4 days
The speed of the manoeuvre surprised the vikings
Half of the Viking army were not ready with no armour or weapons and were easily defeated
Once the Saxons were able to get across the river Derwent, the other half of the Viking army were also defeated resulting in the death of Harold Hardrada and Godwinsons brother Tostig
Who were the two sides fighting at the battle of Stamford bridge
Saxons and vikings
What were the events of Fullford gate
Harold Hardrada invaded England first on the north coast of England.
Harold Godwinson had split his army in two and the northern army did well and began to defeat the vikings
However as more and more vikings arrived, the Saxons found themselves outnumbered and re-treated
Who won the battle if Fulford Gate and why
Because Godwinson had split his army as he believed that William would attack first ( which he did not) it meant Fulford Gate was won by the vikings
Explain what Williams claim to the throne
A successful but ruthless military leader, William had been Duke of Normandy since the age of 7
He was a distant cousin of King Edward
William claimed that Edward had promised him the throne when William had busted England 7 years before
Explain what Harold Godwinsons claim to the throne of England was
After the death of his father (Earl Godwinson), Harold had become an extremely important figure in Edwards government. He became ‘sub regulus’ acting as a ‘deputy king’ from 1060 onwards.
He was also Edwards brother in law
He had shown loyalty to Edward, even over his own brother Tostig
Harold had claimed that Edward had promised him the throne on his deathbed.
He had support of the English nobles and witan
Who were the sides fighting the battle of Fulford gate
The Viking and Saxons
What preparations did William make before he invaded England
Made flat bottomed boats to sail across from Normandy in France to England
William previously had no navy so these boats had to be built from scratch which took considerable time
Boats were filled with Norman soldiers, horses from Norman cavalry and flat pack castles ready to assemble when William arrived
Who did the people of the north support
The vikings
What were the names of the two battles that took place in the north before the battle of Hastings
Fulfils gate and Stamford bridge
Who was involved in the first rebellion against Williams rule where was it and where was William at the time
Edwin and Morca
London and France
Where were revolts against William Williams region common
Welsh and Scottish Borders
What was the last rebellion against Williams rule in 1075
Norman earls
Name three people who were involved in the Harrying if the north in 1069
Danish Viking
King Malcom of Scotland
Edwin Edgar
Waltheof
What caused the rebellion in the north in 1069
Killed the Norman’s earl of Northumbria
Name three things William did to punish the rebels of the north
Burnt and salted their fields killed any living creature took houses and possessions animals butchered and murdered people
Increased Norman control of Yorkshire
English people were on happy with a new king, strong local rivalries and alliance in the north of England pose a threat to his authority
The first rebellion in the north was led by Edwin Walker summer of, 1068
To increase its authority in Yorkshire, William march through Edwin since land built Warwick Castle
William continue to York retook the city building, York and Nottingham Castle before returning South
Another rebellion 1069, William travelled north York for a second time built a second castle left his most experience commander William FitzOsbern in charge
Leading up to the harrying of the north
Alton 1069, a Danish fleet arrived plus uprising of local Northumbrian nobles helped by soldiers sent by Malcolm of Scotland
Third time in 18 months at William to deal with the north
Troops will order to destroy the economic infrastructure, much of the region been systematically plundered its field, so with salt and its people killed
Background on the harrying of the north
Cause-Norman owes Northumbria were killed and rebels could take York lots of rebellions after Williams rule, didn’t want him as a king
Date? -1069-70
Why the north- there were a combination of Viking in English families, living their border of Scotland, vulnerable for attacks
Who? -Edwin and morcar , Malcolm, King of Scotland, Danish king’s swein. This made the rebellion much more serious.
No economic effect on the harrying of the north
Accounts from the time may have been exaggerated
Misunderstanding of the term waste -intended to rain failure to find out the value of an estate
Historians question how widespread the Norman devastation was, it was a limited geographical area, not the whole of Yorkshire
William didn’t have a time all the manpower to reduce vast areas of land to waste
Domesday book -lack of information rather than a physical destruction of Yorkshire. Land may not have been written off due to a lack of tenants, population movement or poor, crop yield
Economic affects on the harrying of the north
Decline in Yorks prosperity
Williams troops ordered to destroy the economic infrastructure of the North
Plundered houses, sown fields with salt and burnt, people and animals slaughtered
1068 Domesday book, describe the area as waste . Proof of Williams, killings, high death rate, no population resources or value.
No increase of Norman control of Yorkshire
After Harrying of the North control of Yorkshire was still not complete. It did not end the violence as there were to be further invasions by Danish and Scottish forces
Northumbria and Cumbria remained vulnerable to attacks from Scotland. Malcom still wanted to expand his kingdom
Further raids by King Malcom in 1075 and 1079. 1080 another rebellion violently suppressed by Williams brother Odo
Scottish raids continued into the region of William II (1087-1100) with another rebellion occurring in 1095
