Norman’s Question 4 Flashcards
The main method William used to control the north was through concessions and patronage. How does a study of Yorkshire support this statement?
FOR ARGUMENT
- The Normans invested heavily in the city of York, to expand its boundaries, and to enable local people to make money and contribute to an improving economy
- A new market was developed in York and new buildings established
- Merchants, set up businesses in York’s Jewish community -» This would have led to new jobs being created to improve the lives of local people to make up for the damage of the harry of the north
- The archbishop of York was made one of the most powerful positions in the north
- there was a new hospital founded in York, St Peter’s
The main method William used to control the north was through concessions and patronage. How does a study of Yorkshire support this statement?
AGAINST ARGUMENT
-The other method was terror
- At the siege of Exeter, William had the men of the city, blinded for opposing him
- he also built castles as a method of control such as the ones in York and pickering —> 2 in YORK
- Norman courts could find locals, imprison rebels and hand out Murdrum fines
- during the harry of the north, during the winter of 1069-70 William and his only laid waste to Yorkshire
—> he did this by razing towns and villages to the ground and even salting the Earth to prevent effective farming
- It is estimated that 100,000 people were killed during this process
The main method William used to control the north was the use of terror. How does a study of Yorkshire support this statement?
FOR ARGUMENT
- At the siege of Exeter, William had the men of the city, blinded for opposing him
- he also built castles as a method of control such as the ones in York and pickering —> 2 in YORK
- Norman courts could find locals, imprison rebels and hand out Murdrum fines
- during the harry of the north, during the winter of 1069-70 William and his only laid waste to Yorkshire
—> he did this by razing towns and villages to the ground and even salting the Earth to prevent effective farming - It is estimated that 100,000 people were killed during this process
The main method William used to control the north was the use of terror. How does a study of Yorkshire support this statement?
AGAINST ARGUMENT
- The other method he used was through development of York and the local economy in order to improve peoples lives in the long-term
- A new market was developed in York and new buildings have established to accommodate new French and northern tenants
- In York, a new Royal fishpond was created to provide the local lords with a diet of fish
- A number of merchants set up businesses which would have led to new job is being created to improve the lives of local people after the harrying of the North
- New Royal Forest were created to lure more Normans to move north
The main method William used to control the north was the use of terror. How does a study of Yorkshire support this statement?
RELIGION AND PATRONAGE ARGUMENT
In York, there were a number of new churches built to further extend the power of the church and to implement Lanfranc’s reforms
- They were New chapels, such as St Helen’s and St Giles
- The Normans continued to use many of the Roman walls, streets and gateways as a way of supporting the Roman Catholic Church (and therefore the pope)
- The Archbishop of York was made one of the most powerful positions in the north
- Since Lanfranc appointed priests and William had appointed Lanfranc, the church was used as another method of control, but one which the local people wanted to be a part of as the country was very religious
The main method William used to control the north was the use of terror. How does a study of Yorkshire support this statement? CONCLUSION
Whilst ensuring the economy improved was one method William used to help to control the north This can’t be his main method of control because the harrying of the north led to a 25% decrease in the wealth of Yorkshire in 1086.
When was the harrying of the North
1069-70
The main result of the harrying of the north was an increase in Norman control in Yorkshire
FOR ARGUMENT
The Domesday book of 1086 shows that has 25 normal nobles held 90% of the land in Yorkshire illustrating the dominance of the Normans
- This also suggests that former Saxon control in the region have been mostly removed, so there was a lesser threat to the Norman throne
- William of Percy and Hugh Fitz Baldrick were put in charge of York after 1069, and their main job was to restore normal authority in the region. In both cases, they built motte and bailey castles, which served as key administrative centres and being a military centre.
- stops any further rebellions in North
The main result of the harrying of the north was an increase in Norman control in Yorkshire
AGAINST ARGUMENT
The other factor is the decline in economy and prosperity of Yorkshire
- Vast areas of the county were laid to waste by William soldiers
- Due to the salting, Williams attacks were still being felt over 20 years later
- between 1066 and 1086, the wealth in the county dropped by 25% - compare to the east of England, which saw it with increased by between 10% and 25%
- The Domesday book from reviews that 2/3 of Yorks housing was empty between 1066-1086
- some prosperous areas had lost 60% of their value according to the Domesday book by the mid 1080’s
The main problem that the Normans faced after 1066 was the threat of rebellion. /16
How does a study of Yorkshire support this statement? FOR
Occurred, mainly in the north, however, some still originated from the south. For example, the first major rising occurred in Kent in the sum of 1067, where they carried out guerrilla warfare.
- 3 rebellions from the north
- In 1068, there was a northern rebellion, rebelled by Gospatrick, the Mercians and Edgar Aethling
- another rebellion in the north. William’s newly appointed Earl of Northumbria, Robert Commines, is murdered and the rebels take York (1069), but the city is swiftly retaken by William.
Then the besieged Williams new castle at York so we had to build a new one costing lots of money
The main problem that the Normans faced after 1066 was the threat of rebellion. /16
How does a study of Yorkshire support this statement?AGAINST
- 2 major invasions from the Scots (1070 and 1079)
- Constant border disputes from the Scottish as York was right on the border and was a desirable location
- In 1079, King Malcolm broke his treaty with William to raid Northumbria
- In 1069, King Swain of Denmark, invaded
- Northern rebellions were dealt with in the harrying of the north, but this did not stop foreign invasions
Why was Yorkshire a desirable place to invade
It was the main transport corridor between the south of England and Scotland
The River Ouse flowed through the centre of York
Fertile and low-lying agricultural land
Strategic and accessible location
York was also an important religious centre
