Health Booklet 1 Flashcards
How do you answer the significance question
Para 1 - short term impact
Para 2 - long term impact
Conclusion
Was it for a long time? How many did it impact?
How did the Catholic Church help medicine
- universities of medicine were set up by the church
- looked after the poor and sick
- developed hospitals
- clean water - cared for public health
- monstries
- herbal gardens in monasteries
How did the Catholic Church hinder medicine
- encouraged people to pray to rid of their illness
- medical students relied on the teachings of Galen (which were incorrect)
- censored any ideas that went against the ideas of the church (e.g prohibited dissections and the ideas of Bacon)
- the death rate among the church was over 50%, whereas it was around 33% for others during the black death
How long did Galin’s ideas have an impact for
1300 years
In what ways were medieval doctors similar to modern doctors
Natural treatments
Apothecaries
Wealthy would get education
In what ways were medieval doctors different to modern doctors
Some surgeons were barbers
Wise women
Medieval doctors strictly followed ideas of Galen
What impact did the government have on medieval medicine
Government had the ability to pass laws to improve public health. However, most attempts were made at a local rather than national level therefore limiting what could be achieved.
How did communication help/hinder medicine
HELP
-Islamic medicine and Roman Empire was spread through trade (e.g opium)
- books spread e.g Avicenna made 760 different drugs
- opium and other anaesthetics
HINDER - spread disease (Black Death)
Science and technology involvement in medicine
Urine charts
Cauterisation
New instruments to use in surgery
How many new surgical instruments were invented by Abulcasis
26
Give 2 ways that towns tried to improve public health in the middle ages?
Wells for drinking water, fines for not cleaning street, tax for street cleaning, muck rakers, bath houses
Give 2 reasons why living in a town in the middle ages was unhealthy?
poor, cramped housing, human and animal waste in streets, no access to clean drinking water
How did Coventry council try and clean up the city in the 1400s (government)
- everyone must clean outside their house or pay a fine
- waste collection services
- waste disposal locations
- dunghills and pits
What did Monasteries do to contribute to public health
- committed to caring for the sick and poor
- all monasteries had an infirmary built at a distance from the main monastery buildings
- monks had herbal medical treatments and copied medical texts
- most monasteries were built with sewers
- fresh water
- monks encouraged to keep clean
How much if Europe was killed in the Black Death
Up to half of the population of Europe was killed.
How did they try to cure the Black Death
-Flagellants whipped themselves, believing this would show God they were punishing themselves for their sins.
-People would pray for others who were ill, hoping God would cure them.
-Doctors would try to balance the four humours, so bloodletting was a common treatment.
-Miasma theory led people to carry herbs or flower petals, so they could avoid the smell of the streets.
-Physicians used a range of herbal remedies to try to treat people.
When was the Black Death
1346
How many did the great plague kill
100,000 people in London.
Compare causes of Black Death to Great Plague
The cause of the spread of the Great Plague was poor sanitation, which led to sewage and waste being discarded in the streets and river when the Black Death was caused by infected fleas that travel on rodents.
What did the government do to try and combat the Great plague
- quarantine
- If a household contained someone infected with the plague, the people were locked inside and a red cross was painted on their door.
- Belief in miasma meant people were ordered to light fires in the streets to create smoke. This was thought to mask the bad air believed to be causing the plague.
- There was a belief that stray cats and dogs were spreading plague, so the mayor of London ordered that they should all be killed. This may have actually made the outbreak worse, as the cats would have caught some of the rats that were responsible for spreading the disease.
What was the impact if the Great plague
- The Black Death of 1348-1349 killed more people than the Great Plague of 1665-1666.
- There have been no more significant plague outbreaks since 1665-1666.
