Norman

Question 1

Who was Edward the confessor?

Answer 1

The king who reigned before 1066 and died with no heir

Question 2

Who was William duke of Normandy?

Answer 2

Distant cousin of Edward
Norman
Experienced leader
Contender to the throne in 1066

Question 3

Who was Harold Godwinson?

Answer 3

Contender to the throne in 1066
Saxon
Earl of Wessex
Skilful military leader

Question 4

Before 1066, what was the the English Connection to the vikings

Answer 4

Vikings raided lots until 1013 when vikings invaded and canute killed King Aetherled and most of his family, then he led England for 20 years.

Question 5

Who was interested in taking the throne from Edward when he died having no heir?

Answer 5

Earl of Wessex
Normans
Vikings

Question 6

Who was Harald Hardrada?

Answer 6

Viking
Ruthless warrior
Supported by Tostig Godwinson
Contender to the throne in 1066
Supported by people in the north of England with Scadinavian roots

Question 7

Who was Edgar Aetheling?

Answer 7

Nearest blood relative to Edward
14-16 years old, no money, no military, no experience
English

Question 8

Why did William of Normandy think he had a claim to the throne?

Answer 8

He was promised the throne

Question 9

Why did Harold Godwinson think he had a claim to the throne?

Answer 9

He was promised the throne by King Edward on his deathbed

Question 10

Why did Harald Hardrade think he had a claim to the throne?

Answer 10

His father, Magnus was going to come and claim the throne but became busy and Edward the confessor took the Crown.
He is supported by the north of England

Question 11

What happened when Edward died? (Before battles)

Answer 11

Harold Godwinson was declared king on the 6th Jan 1066.

Harold married the sister of Earl Edwin and Morcar.

Question 12

When did Godwinson swear and oath to William

Answer 12

1064

Question 13

Who was Hardrada’s father?

Answer 13

Magnus, he was busy when King Canute died and so Edward The Confessor took the throne

Question 14

Who did the English lords prefer to be king?

Answer 14

Harold Godwinson

Question 15

Why was Harold Godwinson seen as insecure?

Answer 15

He got crowned King 1 day after Edward’s death, which he knew would bring some challenges.

Question 16

Who was Tostig Godwinson?

Answer 16

He claimed he had a right to the Throne.
He was Harold Godwinson’s brother
He was exiled from England in 1965
He was supported by Harald Hardrada

Question 17

Who did the housecarls belong to?

Answer 17

Saxons

Question 18

Who were thegns?

Answer 18

Saxon lords

Question 19

Who were the infantry?

Answer 19

Saxon foot soldiers

Question 20

Who were the cavalry?

Answer 20

Norman men on horseback

Question 21

Who were the archers?

Answer 21

Norman men carrying bows and arrows

Question 22

How long did Harold wait along the Sussex coast for William’s invasion.

Answer 22

3 months

Question 23

Why did William’s army not turn up in those 3 months?

Answer 23

Because the weather conditions were not right and they assembled and trained

Question 24

When did Harolds’s army leave the coast of Sussex

Answer 24

8th September to collect resources

Question 25

What happened mid September 1066?

Answer 25

Harald Hardrada invaded England near York

Question 26

How many ships and soldiers did Harald Hardrada invade with?

Answer 26

300 ships | 8,000 soldiers

Question 27

How long did it take Harold Godwinson to march up north when he learned of Hardrada’s arrival?

Answer 27

180 miles in 5 days

Question 28

When did the battle of Stamford Bridge start?

Answer 28

25th September 1066

Question 29

What happened when Godwinson’s army arrived at Stamford Bridge?

Answer 29

They caught the viking army off guard with no armour on, Vikings were split off by the river Derwent which was only crossable by a small bridge.

Question 30

What did both armies create at the battle of Stamford Bridge?

Answer 30

Sheild walls

Question 31

What was there said to be on the Bridge?

Answer 31

A giant viking with an axe who is said to have killed 40 saxons, he was killed by saxons who went under the bridge and stabbed up.

Question 32

How did the saxons win the Battle of Stamford Bridge?

Answer 32

They created a weakness in the viking shield wall which they were able to use to get around and behind them.

Question 33

What was the result of The Battle of Stamford Bridge?

Answer 33

Harald Hardrada and Tostig were killed and Harold was still king

Question 34

When did the Norman army leave Normandy?

Answer 34

27th of September 1066

Question 35

Where did the Normans land when they arrive in England?

Answer 35

Pevensey bay

Question 36

Why was the south coast of england when the normans arrived?

Answer 36

The Saxon army had just fought the vikings in the north and thus left the south undefended

Question 37

What did William do after landing in Pevensey bay to provoke Harold to battle

Answer 37

He burned villages and killed residents in villages near pevensey bay.

Question 38

What did William have on his army that Godwinson didn’t

Answer 38

Calvary and Archers

Question 39

How many ships did the Vikings return with?

Answer 39

25 out of the 300 ships

Question 40

Where did the saxons arrive on the 13th of October?

Answer 40

Senlac hill, they camped the night because they were exhausted.

Question 41

How many men were on the Saxon army compared to the Norman army?

Answer 41

Both had 6000 - 7000 men

Question 42

What was the Saxon advantage at the battle of Hastings?

Answer 42

They were at the top of the hill

Question 43

When was the battle of Hastings?

Answer 43

14th October 1066

Question 44

What weapons did the fyrd carry?

Answer 44

Iron studded clubs and heavy axes.

Question 45

What did the Normans ‘feigned retreat’ mean for William in winning the battle of Hasting?

Answer 45

It helped the saxons break the shield wall by themselves because they ran after the retreating soldiers.

Question 46

Why did William believe god was on his side?

Answer 46

The Pope had supported him and Godwinson had broken his oath

Question 47

When was William crowned king?

Answer 47

25th December 1066

Question 48

Who crowned William as King?

Answer 48

The Archbishop of york

Question 49

How did William respond to many English lords wanting Edgar the Aetheling to be King?

Answer 49

He marched through Kent and forced them to surrender, he also built castles there and left a garrison.

Question 50

What is a ‘garrison’?

Answer 50

A group of soldiers

Question 51

What years did William face serious rebellions?

Answer 51

1067 - 1071

Question 52

When was the harrying of the north?

Answer 52

1069

Question 53

What did the harrying of the north start out as?

Answer 53

Rebelling against William’s new earl, Lord Cumin

Question 54

When did William feel confident enough to go back to Normandy?

Answer 54

1067

Question 55

Why did William seize land of those who fought against him?

Answer 55

To establish Norman control.

Question 56

How did William respond to the rebellions in Kent?

Answer 56

With violence, he also built a castle

Question 57

What did William charge the English taxes to do?

Answer 57

Build Castles

Question 58

What did the Earl of Cumin allow his men to do as they traveled to the north?

Answer 58

Loot and kill towns up to Durham

Question 59

Who fought back against Earl Cumin’s army?

Answer 59

The Northumbrian’s and Edgar the Aetheling

Question 60

Where did the harrying of the north revolt take place?

Answer 60

York

Question 61

What were the advantages of castles?

Answer 61

It was quick to build and had a good defence against attackers.