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Foundations > Normal Vitals crash course > Flashcards

Normal Vitals crash course Flashcards

1
Q

what is the normal temperature in farehit and it Celsius for adults

A

94.4-99.5 F
35.8-37.5 C

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2
Q

what is the normal pulse

A

60-100 beats per minute

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3
Q

what is the normal respirations

A

12-20 breaths per minute

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4
Q

what is the normal blood pressure

A

120/80

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5
Q

what is the normal temp for oral thermometers

A

Oral: 96.6–99.5°F

35.8- 37.5

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6
Q

what is the normal temp for rectal themometers

A

Rectal: 97.4–100.5°F (core temperature)
36.3- 38.5

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7
Q

what is the nomral temp for the axillary route

A

Axillary: 95.6–98.5°F
35.3-36.9

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8
Q

what is the normal temperature for the tympanic route

A

Tympanic: 98.2–100.9°F (core temperature)
In an adult, pull the pinna upward and back
In a child, pull the pinna downward and back

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9
Q

what is t si the normal temperature of the temporal artery

A

Temporal artery: 98.7–100.5°F (core temperature)
37.0-38.0

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10
Q

what does each number stand for
0
1+
2+
3+

A

0 =absent or unable to palpate
1+=pulse diminished, weaker than expected
2+=Easily palpable, normal pulse
3+=Full bounding pulse, bounding

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11
Q

what is tachycardia

A

more than 100 beats per minute

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12
Q

what is bradycardia

A

less than 60 beats per minute

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13
Q

where can you take the pulse

A

radial
carotid
apical

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14
Q

what do you need to remember when you take carotid pulse

A

never press both of the at the same time

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15
Q

what affects pulse

A

-age
-physical activity
-Fever - For every 1.0°C body temp increase, heart rate increases by 7-10 beats per min to meet increased metabolic needs and compensate for peripheral dilation.
-Medications
-Hypovolemia (HR increases and BP decreases_
-Stress
-Position changes
-Pathology

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16
Q

what should cap refill time be and what does it measure, what is caused when circulation is compromised

A

2 seconds or less
-measures the perfusion of the tcapillary beds of the toes and the finger nails
if the circulation is compromised, pallor or cyanosis may be present

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17
Q

what is pallor

A

Paleness of skin when compared with another part of the body

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18
Q

what is cyanosis

A

A bluish or grayish discoloration of the skin due to excessive carbon dioxide and deficient oxygen in the blood
-present in gums, nails and lips

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19
Q

what is ventilation

A

movement of air in and out of lungs

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20
Q

where are vitals taken

A

Admission
Transfer
Before and after med
After operations
When pt status changes
Use nursing judgement never trust the first measurement

21
Q

what is diffusion

A

gases move from high pressure to low pressure

22
Q

what is perfusion

A

Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between circulating blood and tissue cells
-if poor then brown skin and spotty

23
Q

what is the rate and rhythm of respirations

A

bradypnea and tachypnea

24
Q

what is the depth of resperation

A

normal, deep, shallow

25
Q

what is the quality of breathing

A

normally relaxed and silent

26
Q

what is eupnea

A

normal, unlabored respiration; one respiration to four heartbeats

27
Q

what is tachypnea

A

increased rate; may occur in response to an increased metabolic rate

28
Q

what is bradypnea

A

decreased rate; occurs in some pathologic conditions

29
Q

what is apnea

A

period when you stop breathing

30
Q

what is dyspnea

A

difficult or labored breathing

31
Q

what is orthopnea

A

changes in breathing when sitting or standing

32
Q

what is hyperventilation

A

Rapid and deep breathing resulting in excess loss of CO2 (hypocapnea). Patient may complain of feeling light-headed and tingly (respiratory alkalosis)
-this is why you have the pt breath into a bag so Co2 moves back into the body

33
Q

what is hypoventilation

A

Rate and depth are decreased and CO2 is retained (respiratory acidosis)

34
Q

what is pulse oximetry

A

Spot Oxygen saturation. Non-invasive
-SaO2 isthe percentage of available binding sites on hemoglobin that are bound with oxygen in arterial blood. The O2 dissociation curve (and hence the SaO2 for a givenPaO2) is affected by PaCO2, body temperature, pH and other factors

35
Q

what is the normal O2 saturation is Colorado and in the NCLEX

A

In Colorado, normal is greater than or equal to 90%. The rest of the country (and NCLEX questions) Greater than or equal to 95%

36
Q

what is the maximum pressure

A

when left ventricle contracts and pushes blood through aortic valve into the aorta (systole/systolic pressure)

37
Q

what is the lowest pressure

A

when the heart rests between beats (diastole/diastolic pressure)

38
Q

what regulates BP

A

cardiac output–> heart muscle strength
blood volume–> amount of blood the heart can hole
peripheral vascular resistance–> how elastic are the blood vessels

39
Q

what factors affecting blood rpessure

A

-Age. Older may have a widening pulse pressure -which is normal
-Circadian rhythm
-Biologic sex
-Food intake
-Exercise
-Weight
-Emotional state
-Body position and movement variations
-Drugs/medications
-Talking or laughing. Have patient be quiet during measurement

40
Q

what happens when the cuff size is too small

A

high reading

41
Q

what happens when the bp cuff is too big

A

low reading

42
Q

what is the 1st korotkoff sound

A

systolic pressure

43
Q

what is the change or cesation of sound occurs

A

diastolic pressure

44
Q

what is orthostatic hypotension and what is it caused by

A

when the bp bottoms out while the pt is trying to sit or stand
-Caused by dehydration, blood loss, or problems of the neurologic, cardiovascular, or endocrine systems

45
Q

why is hypertension known as the silent killer

A

your first symptoms in a stroke

46
Q

what is primary hypertension

A

No known cause
Characterized by an increase above normal in both systolic and diastolic pressures

47
Q

what is secondary hypertneison

A

Caused by other disease conditions
Common causes include kidney disease, adrenal cortex disorders, and aorta disorders

48
Q

what meds can decrease bp

A

Diuretics (to decrease fluid volume)
Beta-adrenergic blockers (to block sympathetic stimulation and decrease cardiac output)
Vasodilators and calcium channel blockers (to relax smooth muscles of arterioles and decrease peripheral vascular resistance)
ACE inhibitors (to prevent vasoconstriction by angiotensin II and decrease circulatory fluid volume by reducing aldosterone production)

Foundations (3 decks)

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