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Cardiovascular System > Normal Structure & Function > Flashcards

Normal Structure & Function Flashcards

1
Q

The largest artery; it receives blood from the left ventricle and branches to all parts of the body

A

AORTA (root: aort/o)

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2
Q

The valve at the entrance to the aorta

A

Aortic valve

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3
Q

The point of a cone-shaped structure; the apex of the heart is formed by the left ventricle and is pointed toward the inferior and left

A

Apex (adjective: apical)

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4
Q

A vessel that carries blood away from the heart; all except the pulmonary and umbilical arteries carry oxygenated blood

A

Artery (roots: arter, arteri/o)

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5
Q

A small vessel that carries blood from the arteries into the capillaries

A

Arteriole (root: arteriol/o)

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6
Q

A small mass in the lower septum of the right atrium that passes impulses from the sinoatrial
(SA) node toward the ventricles

A

atrioventricular (AV) node

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7
Q

A valve between the atrium and ventricle on the right and left sides of the heart; the right AV valve is the tricuspid valve; the left is the mitral valve

A

atrioventricular (AV) valve

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8
Q

An entrance chamber, one of the two upper receiving chambers of the heart

A

atrium (root: atri/o)

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9
Q

A band of fibers that transmits impulses from the atrioventricular (AV) node to the top of the interventricular septum; it divides into the right and left bundle branches, which descend along the two sides of the septum; the bundle of His

A

AV bundle

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10
Q

The force exerted by blood against the wall of a vessel

A

blood pressure

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11
Q

Branches of the AV bundle that divide to the right and left sides of the interventricular septum

A

bundle branches

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12
Q

A microscopic blood vessel through which materials are exchanged between the blood and the tissues

A

capillary

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13
Q

The part of the circulatory system that consists of the heart and the blood vessels

A

cardiovascular system

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14
Q

The blood vessels in the heart that provide oxygen and nourishment and remove waste products from the myocardium

A

coronary circulation

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15
Q

A change in electrical charge from the resting state in nerves or muscles

A

depolarization

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16
Q

The relaxation phase of the heartbeat cycle

A

diastole (adjective: diastolic)

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17
Q

Study of the electrical activity of the heart as detected by electrodes (leads) placed on the surface of the body; also abbreviated EKG from the German electrocardiography

A

electrocardiography (ECG)

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18
Q

The thin membrane that lines the chambers of the heart and covers the valves

A

endocardium

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19
Q

The thin outermost layer of the heart wall

A

epicardium

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20
Q

Any sound produced as the heart functions normally

A

functional murmur

21
Q

The muscular organ with four chambers that contracts rhythmically to propel blood through vessels to all parts of the body

A

heart (root: cardi/o)

22
Q

The number of times the heart contracts per minute; recorded as beats per minute (bpm)

A

heart rate

23
Q

Sounds produced as the heart functions: the two loudest sounds are produced by alternate closing of the valves and are designated S1 and S2

A

heart sounds

24
Q

inferior vena cava
The large inferior vein that brings blood low in oxygen back to the right atrium of the heart from the lower body

A

inferior vena cava

25
Q

The valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle; the mitral valve or bicuspid valve

A

left AV valve

26
Q

The valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle; the left AV valve or bicuspid valve

A

mitral valve

27
Q

The thick middle layer of the heart wall composed of cardiac muscle

A

myocardium

28
Q

The fibrous sac that surrounds the heart

A

pericardium

29
Q

The vessel that carries blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs

A

pulmonary artery

30
Q

The system of vessels that carries blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs to be oxygenated and then back to the left side of the heart

A

pulmonary circuit

31
Q

The vessels that carry blood from the lungs to the left side of the heart

A

pulmonary veins

32
Q

The valve at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

A

pulmonary valve

33
Q

The wave of increased pressure produced in the vessels each time the ventricles contract

A

pulse

34
Q

The terminal fibers of the cardiac conducting system; they carry impulses through the walls of the ventricles

A

Purkinje fibers

35
Q

A return of electrical charge to the resting state in nerves or muscles

A

repolarization

36
Q

The valve between the right atrium and right ventricle; the tricuspid valve

A

right AV valve

37
Q

A wall dividing two cavities, such as two chambers of the heart

A

septum

38
Q

Normal heart rhythm

A

sinus rhythm

39
Q

A small mass in the upper part of the right atrium that initiates the impulse for each heartbeat; the pacemaker

A

sinoatrial (SA) node

40
Q

An instrument for determining arterial blood pressure (root sphygm/o means “pulse”); blood pressure apparatus or cuff

A

sphygmomanometer

41
Q

The large superior vein that brings blood low in oxygen back to the right atrium from the upper body

A

superior vena cava

42
Q

The system of vessels that carries oxygenated blood from the left side of the heart to all tissues except the lungs and returns deoxygenated blood to the right side of the heart

A

systemic circuit

43
Q

The contraction phase of the heartbeat cycle

A

systole (adjective: systolic)

44
Q

A structure that keeps fluid flowing in a forward direction

A

valve (roots: valv/o, valvul/o)

45
Q

A vessel that carries blood back to the heart. All except the pulmonary and umbilical veins carry blood low in oxygen

A

vein (roots: ven/o, phleb/o)

46
Q

A small cavity. One of the two lower pumping chambers of the heart

A

ventricle (root: ventricul/o)

47
Q

A small vessel that carries blood from the capillaries to the veins

A

venule

48
Q

A tube or duct to transport fluid

A

vessel (roots: angi/o, vas/o, vascul/o)

Cardiovascular System (3 decks)

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