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Cardiovascular System > Cardiovascular Disorders > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

A localized abnormal dilation of a blood vessel, usually an artery, caused by weakness of the vessel wall; may eventually burst

A

aneurysm

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2
Q

A feeling of constriction around the heart or pain that may radiate to the left arm or shoulder, usually brought on by exertion; caused by insufficient blood supply to the heart

A

angina pectoris

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3
Q

Any abnormality in the rate or rhythm of the heartbeat (literally “without rhythm”; note doubled r); also called dysrhythmia

A

arrhythmia

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4
Q

Hardening (sclerosis) of the arteries, with loss of capacity and loss of elasticity, as from fatty deposits (plaque), deposit of calcium salts, or scar tissue formation

A

arteriosclerosis

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5
Q

The development of fatty, fibrous patches (plaques) in the lining of arteries, causing narrowing of the lumen and hardening of the vessel wall; the most common form of
arteriosclerosis (hardening of the arteries)

A

atherosclerosis (root ather/o means “porridge” or “gruel”)

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6
Q

A slow heart rate of less than 60 bpm

A

bradycardia

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7
Q

Sudden damage to the brain resulting from reduction of blood flow; causes include atherosclerosis, embolism, thrombosis, or hemorrhage from a ruptured aneurysm; commonly called stroke

A

cerebrovascular accident (CVA)

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8
Q

Enlargement of the ends of the fingers and toes caused by growth of the soft tissue around the nails; seen in a variety of diseases in which there is poor peripheral circulation

A

clubbing

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9
Q

Localized narrowing of the aorta with restriction of blood flow

A

coarctation of the aorta

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10
Q

Protein produced during systemic inflammation, which may contribute to atherosclerosis; high CRP levels can indicate cardiovascular disease and its prognosis

A

C-reactive protein (CRP)

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11
Q

Bluish discoloration of the skin caused by lack of oxygen in the blood

A

cyanosis (adjective: cyanotic)

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12
Q

Thrombophlebitis involving the deep veins

A

deep vein thrombosis (DVT)

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13
Q

Profuse sweating

A

diaphoresis

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14
Q

An aneurysm in which blood enters the arterial wall and separates the layers; usually involves the aorta

A

dissecting aneurysm

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15
Q

Disorder in serum lipid levels, which is an important factor in development of atherosclerosis; includes hyperlipidemia (high lipids), hypercholesterolemia (high cholesterol), and hypertriglyceridemia (high triglycerides)

A

dyslipidemia

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16
Q

Difficult or labored breathing (-pnea)

A

dyspnea

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17
Q

Swelling of body tissues caused by the presence of excess fluid; causes include cardiovascular disturbances, kidney failure, inflammation, and malnutrition

A

edema

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18
Q

Obstruction of a blood vessel by a blood clot or other matter carried in the circulation

A

embolism

19
Q

A mass carried in the circulation; usually a blood clot, but also may be air, fat, bacteria, or other solid matter from within or from outside the body

A

embolus

20
Q

Spontaneous, quivering, and ineffectual contraction of muscle fibers, as in the atria or the ventricles

A

fibrillation

21
Q

An interference in the electrical conduction system of the heart resulting in arrhythmia

A

heart block

22
Q

A condition caused by the inability of the heart to maintain adequate blood circulation

A

heart failure

23
Q

A varicose vein in the rectum

A

hemorrhoid

24
Q

A condition of higher-than-normal blood pressure; essential (primary, idiopathic) hypertension has no known cause

A

hypertension

25
Q

An area of localized tissue necrosis (death) resulting from a blockage or a narrowing of the artery that supplies the area

A

infarct

26
Q

Local deficiency of blood supply caused by circulatory obstruction

A

ischemia (root: hem/o)

27
Q

An abnormal heart sound

A

murmur

28
Q

Localized necrosis (death) of cardiac muscle tissue resulting from blockage or narrowing of the coronary artery that supplies that area; myocardial infarction is usually caused by formation of a thrombus (clot) in a vessel

A

myocardial infarction (MI)

29
Q

A closing off or obstruction, as of a vessel

A

occlusion

30
Q

Persistence of the ductus arteriosus after birth; the ductus arteriosus is a vessel that connects the pulmonary artery to the descending aorta in the fetus to bypass the lungs

A

patent ductus arteriosus

31
Q

phlebitis
Inflammation of a vein

A

phlebitis

32
Q

A patch; with regard to the cardiovascular system, a deposit of fatty material and other substances on a vessel wall that impedes blood flow and may block the vessel; atheromatous plaque

A

plaque

33
Q

Damage to heart valves after infection with a type of Streptococcus (group A hemolytic Streptococcus); the antibodies produced in response to the infection produce valvular scarring usually involving the mitral valve

A

rheumatic heart disease

34
Q

An opening in the septum between the atria or ventricles; a common cause is persistence of the foramen ovale (for-A-men o-VAL-e), an opening between the atria that bypasses the lungs in fetal circulation

A

septal defect

35
Q

Circulatory failure resulting in an inadequate blood supply to the tissues; cardiogenic shock is caused by heart failure; hypovolemic shock is caused by a loss of blood volume; septic shock is caused by bacterial infection

A

shock

36
Q

Constriction or narrowing of an opening

A

stenosis

37
Q

cerebrovascular accident

A

stroke

38
Q

A temporary loss of consciousness caused by inadequate blood flow to the brain; fainting

A

syncope

39
Q

An abnormally rapid heart rate, usually over 100 bpm

A

tachycardia

40
Q

Inflammation of a vein associated with formation of a blood clot

A

thrombophlebitis

41
Q

Development of a blood clot within a vessel

A

thrombosis

42
Q

A blood clot that forms within a blood vessel (root: thromb/o)

A

thrombus

43
Q

A twisted and swollen vein resulting from breakdown of the valves, pooling of blood, and chronic dilatation of the vessel (root: varic/o); also called varix or varicosity

A

varicose vein

Cardiovascular System (3 decks)

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