Normal Structure And Function Flashcards
Acetabulum (as-eh-TAB-u-lum)
The bony socket in the hip bone that holds the head of the femur (from the Latin word for vinegar because it resembles the base of a vinegar cruet)
Articulation ( ar-tik-u-LA-shun)
A joint (adjective ; articular)
Atlas (AT-las)
The first cervical vertebra (root: atlan/o)
Axis (AK-sis)
The second cervical vertebra
Bone
A calcified form of dense connective tissue; osseous tissue; also an individual unit of skeleton made of such tissue (root: oste/o)
Bone marrow
The soft material that fills bone cavities; yellow marrow fill the central cavity of the long bones; blood cells are formed in red bone marrow, which is located in spongy bone tissue (root: myel/o)
Bursa ( BUR-sah)
A fluid-filled sac that reduces friction near a joint (root:burs/o)
Cartilage (KAR-tih-lij)
A type of dense connective tissue that is found in the skeleton, larynx,trachea,and bronchi; it is the precursor to most bone tissue (root: chondr/o)
Diarthrosis (di-ar-THRO-sis)
A freely movable joint; also called a synovial joint (adjective: diarthrotic)
Diaphysis ( di-AF-ih-sis)
The shaft of a long bone
Epiphyseal (ep-ih-FIZ-e-al)
The irregularly shaped end of a long bone
Ilium (IL-e-um)
The large, flared, superior portion of the pelvic bone (root:ili/o) (adjective: iliac)
Joint
The junction between two bones; articulation (root: arthr/o)
Ligament (LIG-ah-ment)
A strong band of connective tissue that joins one bone to another
Metaphysis (meh-TAF-ih-sis)
The region of a long bone between diaphysis (shaft) and epiphysis (end); during development, the growing region of a long bone
Ossification (os-ih-fih-KA-shun)
Othe formation of bone tissue (from Latin os, meaning “bone” )
Osteoblast (OS-te-o-blast)
A cell that produces bone tissue
Osteoclast (OS-te-o-clast)
A cell that destroys bone tissue
Osteocyte (OS-te-o-site)
A mature bone cell that nourishes and maintains bone tissue
Pelvis ( PEL-vis)
The large ring of bone at the inferior trunk formed of the two hip bones (ossa coxae) joined to the sacrum and coccyx; each os coxae is formed of three bones; the superior, flared ilium(IL-e-um); ischium(IS-ke-um); and pubis (PU-bis) (plural; pelves (PEL-veze)
Periosteum (per-e-OS-te-um
The fibrous membrane that covers a bone’s surface
Resorption ( re-SORP-shun)
Removal of bone by breakdown and absorption into the circulation
Skeleton (SKEL-eh-ton)
The body;s bone framework, consisting of 206 bones; the axial portion (80 bones) is composed of the skull, spinal colum, ribs, and sternum: the appendicular skeleton (126 bones) contains the bones of the arms and legs, shoulder girdle, and pelvis (root: skelet/o)
Suture ( SU-chur)
An immovable joint, such as the joints between the skull bones
Symphysis ( SIM-fih-sis)
A slightly movable joint
Synovial joint
A freely movable joint; has a joint cavity containing synovial fluid; a diarthrosis
Tendon (TEN-don
A fibrous band of connective tissue that attaches a muscle to a bone
Thorax (THO-raks)
The upper part of the trunk between the neck and the abdomen; formed by the 12 pairs of ribs and sternum
Annulus fibrosus (AN-u-lus fi-BRO-sus)
Outer ring-like portion of an intervertebral disk
Calvaria (kal-VAR-e-ah)
The dome-like upper portion of the skull
Coxa (KOK-sa)
Hip
Cruciate ligaments (KRU-she-ate)
Ligaments that cross in the knee joint to connect the tibia and fibula; they are the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) ; cruciate means “shaped like a cross”
Genu (JE-nu)
The knee
Glenoid cavity (GLEN-oyd)
The bony socket in the scapula that articulates with the head of the humerus
Hallux (HAL-uks)
The great toe
Malleolus (mah-LE-o-lus)
The projection of the tibia or fibula on either side of the ankle
Meniscus (meh-NIS-kus)
Crescent-shaped disk of cartilage found in certain joints, such as the knee joint, in the knee, the medial meniscus and the lateral meniscus separate the tibia and femur; meniscus means “crescent”’ plural= menisci
Nucleus pulposus
The centrl mass of an intervertrabl disk
Olecranon (o-LeK-rah-non)
The process of the ulna that forms the elbow
Os
Bone (plural: ossa)
Osseous (OS-e-us)
Pertaining to bone
Symphysis pubis (SIM-fih-sis)
The anterioe pelvic joint, formed by the union of the two pubic bones, also called pubic symphysis
