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Chapter 5 Skeletal System > Normal Structure And Function > Flashcards

Normal Structure And Function Flashcards

1
Q

Acetabulum (as-eh-TAB-u-lum)

A

The bony socket in the hip bone that holds the head of the femur (from the Latin word for vinegar because it resembles the base of a vinegar cruet)

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2
Q

Articulation ( ar-tik-u-LA-shun)

A

A joint (adjective ; articular)

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3
Q

Atlas (AT-las)

A

The first cervical vertebra (root: atlan/o)

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4
Q

Axis (AK-sis)

A

The second cervical vertebra

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5
Q

Bone

A

A calcified form of dense connective tissue; osseous tissue; also an individual unit of skeleton made of such tissue (root: oste/o)

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6
Q

Bone marrow

A

The soft material that fills bone cavities; yellow marrow fill the central cavity of the long bones; blood cells are formed in red bone marrow, which is located in spongy bone tissue (root: myel/o)

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7
Q

Bursa ( BUR-sah)

A

A fluid-filled sac that reduces friction near a joint (root:burs/o)

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8
Q

Cartilage (KAR-tih-lij)

A

A type of dense connective tissue that is found in the skeleton, larynx,trachea,and bronchi; it is the precursor to most bone tissue (root: chondr/o)

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9
Q

Diarthrosis (di-ar-THRO-sis)

A

A freely movable joint; also called a synovial joint (adjective: diarthrotic)

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10
Q

Diaphysis ( di-AF-ih-sis)

A

The shaft of a long bone

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11
Q

Epiphyseal (ep-ih-FIZ-e-al)

A

The irregularly shaped end of a long bone

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12
Q

Ilium (IL-e-um)

A

The large, flared, superior portion of the pelvic bone (root:ili/o) (adjective: iliac)

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13
Q

Joint

A

The junction between two bones; articulation (root: arthr/o)

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14
Q

Ligament (LIG-ah-ment)

A

A strong band of connective tissue that joins one bone to another

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15
Q

Metaphysis (meh-TAF-ih-sis)

A

The region of a long bone between diaphysis (shaft) and epiphysis (end); during development, the growing region of a long bone

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16
Q

Ossification (os-ih-fih-KA-shun)

A

Othe formation of bone tissue (from Latin os, meaning “bone” )

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17
Q

Osteoblast (OS-te-o-blast)

A

A cell that produces bone tissue

18
Q

Osteoclast (OS-te-o-clast)

A

A cell that destroys bone tissue

19
Q

Osteocyte (OS-te-o-site)

A

A mature bone cell that nourishes and maintains bone tissue

20
Q

Pelvis ( PEL-vis)

A

The large ring of bone at the inferior trunk formed of the two hip bones (ossa coxae) joined to the sacrum and coccyx; each os coxae is formed of three bones; the superior, flared ilium(IL-e-um); ischium(IS-ke-um); and pubis (PU-bis) (plural; pelves (PEL-veze)

21
Q

Periosteum (per-e-OS-te-um

A

The fibrous membrane that covers a bone’s surface

22
Q

Resorption ( re-SORP-shun)

A

Removal of bone by breakdown and absorption into the circulation

23
Q

Skeleton (SKEL-eh-ton)

A

The body;s bone framework, consisting of 206 bones; the axial portion (80 bones) is composed of the skull, spinal colum, ribs, and sternum: the appendicular skeleton (126 bones) contains the bones of the arms and legs, shoulder girdle, and pelvis (root: skelet/o)

24
Q

Suture ( SU-chur)

A

An immovable joint, such as the joints between the skull bones

25
Q

Symphysis ( SIM-fih-sis)

A

A slightly movable joint

26
Q

Synovial joint

A

A freely movable joint; has a joint cavity containing synovial fluid; a diarthrosis

27
Q

Tendon (TEN-don

A

A fibrous band of connective tissue that attaches a muscle to a bone

28
Q

Thorax (THO-raks)

A

The upper part of the trunk between the neck and the abdomen; formed by the 12 pairs of ribs and sternum

29
Q

Annulus fibrosus (AN-u-lus fi-BRO-sus)

A

Outer ring-like portion of an intervertebral disk

30
Q

Calvaria (kal-VAR-e-ah)

A

The dome-like upper portion of the skull

31
Q

Coxa (KOK-sa)

A

Hip

32
Q

Cruciate ligaments (KRU-she-ate)

A

Ligaments that cross in the knee joint to connect the tibia and fibula; they are the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) ; cruciate means “shaped like a cross”

33
Q

Genu (JE-nu)

A

The knee

34
Q

Glenoid cavity (GLEN-oyd)

A

The bony socket in the scapula that articulates with the head of the humerus

35
Q

Hallux (HAL-uks)

A

The great toe

36
Q

Malleolus (mah-LE-o-lus)

A

The projection of the tibia or fibula on either side of the ankle

37
Q

Meniscus (meh-NIS-kus)

A

Crescent-shaped disk of cartilage found in certain joints, such as the knee joint, in the knee, the medial meniscus and the lateral meniscus separate the tibia and femur; meniscus means “crescent”’ plural= menisci

38
Q

Nucleus pulposus

A

The centrl mass of an intervertrabl disk

39
Q

Olecranon (o-LeK-rah-non)

A

The process of the ulna that forms the elbow

40
Q

Os

A

Bone (plural: ossa)

41
Q

Osseous (OS-e-us)

A

Pertaining to bone

42
Q

Symphysis pubis (SIM-fih-sis)

A

The anterioe pelvic joint, formed by the union of the two pubic bones, also called pubic symphysis

Chapter 5 Skeletal System (11 decks)

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