normal respiratory Flashcards
3 lobes on what side
right
2 lobes on what side
left
plueral membranes
visceral- covers lungs
parietal- cavity between the two
plural space
surface tension
due to high surfactant
if surface tension high- lungs would collapse
plural space- less than atmospheric pressure to prevent collapse
bronchioles have no
cartalidge
respiratory bronchioles
also very thin wall, few capillaries here can allow limited gas exchange
aveolar ducts
off respiratory bronchioles
deliver air to aveolar sacs
inhalation
involves contraction of diaphragm and internal intercostal muscles, thoracic wall expands, thoracic wall expands
where are respiratory centers in the brain?
pons and medulla
active expiration
costal, abdominal, diaphragm muscles all contract which forces the air out of the body, seen in disease processes
respiratory membrane thickness
about 0.5 micrometers in thickness (includes capillary wall and aveolar wall and basement membrane)
how is CO2 transported?
bonded to hemoglobin= 25%
as bicarbonate ion= 65%
dissolved in plasma= 10%
how is O2 transported?
combined with hemoglobin= 98%
disolved in blood= 2%
each heme can hold 4 o2
warm air being brought in
mucus membranes are supplied with blood vessels
why are mucus membranes covered with mucus
trap inhaled particles
add humidity to air
