Normal Pregnancy & Pre-natal Care Flashcards
What is the difference between gestational hypertension and preeclampsia?
GH: HTN after 20 weeks
Preeclampsia: end-organ damage & proteinuria
(both likely d/t abdomal placentation–> endothelial damage. Note: Eclampsia = preeclampsia + seizure)
HELLP syndrome will show … on blood smear
(hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelets in pregnancy)
schistocytes
which medication terminates pregnancy? which initiates labor?
mifepristone + misoprostol
(misoprostol ripens cervix & also used for preventing PUD, PGE1 analog)
HTN Rx safe for pregnancy
remember: “New Moms Love Hugs.”
Nifedipine
Mehtyldopa
Labetalol
Hydralazine
6 causes of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS)
(severe form of minimal change disease; podocyte effacement on EM)
- massive obesity
- loss of nephron’s (kidney removal)
- sickle cell pts
- IFN tx
- HIV pts
- heroin users
The ability to coordinate sucking, swallowing, and breathing is not achieved until … weeks’ gestation.
34–36
(Premies need enteral feedings by gavage)
In a newborn, bedside glucose testing should be performed in infants at risk for hypoglycemia (IDMs, preterm, SGA, LGA, or stressed infants). Values below … mg/dL should be confirmed by laboratory blood glucose testing and treated.
45
If a laboring mother is given an opioid, how do you tx the newborn for narcotic depression?
resuscitate as normal
(Do NOT use naloxone; not enough evidence to support use)
- Birth-related Retinal Hemorrhages can occur in approximately …% of newborns.
- …% of vaginal delivery w/forcepts or vaccum
most resolve in 6 weeks
- 25
- 50
(5% with c-section)
Acute Abdomen: Clinical Manifestations (5)
- Severe abdominal pain
- Vomiting
- Guarding/rebound tenderness
- Distention
- Absent or hyperactive bowel sounds
Oligohydramnios is MC in which trimester?
second: 13-27 weeks
(decreased formation of fetal urine, can happen in the 3rd d/t rupture of membranes)
1st line Rx to tx HTN in pregnancy (4)
- labatalol
- hydralazine (vazodilator)
- methyldopa (a2 stim; reduces Symp activity)
- nifedipine (DHP CCB)
Cyanide-nitroprusside is a screening test used to detect
cystine crystals; urine turns a purple color
All AEDs carry risk if taken during pregnancy
… carries the greatest risk.
(1-3% chance of neural tube defects)
Valproic Acid
B-hCG is produced by which organ?
synchitiotrophoblast of the placenta
sudden weight gain
emotional illness
confusion
insulinoma (beta cells)
(C-peptide elevation)
3 Rx used for prompt tx of severe HTN in pregnancy
- hydralazine (increase cGMP)
- nifedipine (DHP Ca2+ blocker)
- labetalol
(Hypertensive moms love nifedipine)
