Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pituitary tumour EAR:1 > Normal pituitary function and disease > Flashcards

Normal pituitary function and disease Flashcards

1
Q

How is the anterior pituitary connected to the hypothalamus

A

Vasular connections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How is the posterior pituitary connected to the hypothalamus

A

Neural connections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What would be the consequence of damage to the pituitary stalk

A

Releasing factors from the hypothalamus can’t reach the pituitary to stimulate release of stuff from pituitary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the pituitary stalk

A

Connects the hypothalamus to the pituitary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is hypo secretion of the pituitary normally due to

A

Trauma/surgery, genetic disease, tumour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is hyper secretion of the pituitary most likely due to

A

Tumour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the most common cause of pituitary disease

A

Pituitary tumours. MOStly benign (adenoma)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How can pituitary tumours affect the pituitary gland

A

Over production of a pituitary hormone

Inadequate production of other remaining hormones

Local effects on anatomically related structures (visual disturbances, headaches)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is prolactinoma

A

tumour of pituitary gland that makes the tumour secrete more prolactin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is a consequence of prolactinoma

A

HYperprlactinaemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the consequence s of GH- secreting pituitary tumours

A

Acromegaly (increase in bone size)

Gigantism in children

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the consequence of an ACTH secreting pituitary tumour

A

Cushing’s disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the consequences of non-secreting pituitary hormones

A

Mechanical symptoms such as headaches and hypopituitarism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

When are stimulation tests done

A

IF you suspect hypo secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

When are suppression tests done

A

If you suspect hyper secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is a test done to see if there is secondary hypothyroidism

A

TRH stimulation test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the TRH stimulation test and what results would you expect in a normal response

A

TRH given

Increase in TSH and an increase in T3/T4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What would you expect in a TRH stimulation test with secondary hypothyroidism

A

Low T3/4 and TSH due to deficient TSH release from anterior pituitary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

In a TRH test, what does a failure to stimulate TSH/T4 suggest

A

Deficiency of TSH

20
Q

What suppression test is used to measure acromegaly

A

Oral glucose tolerance test- high plasma glucose usually suppresses GH release

failure to lower GH secretion suggests a GH tumour

21
Q

What does a failure to suppress indicate

A

autonomous secretion (

22
Q

What is a normal response in the oral glucose tolerance test when testing for acromegaly and therefore what is an abnormal response

A

There is an increase in plasma concentration of glucose and a decrease in growth hormone

-Autonomous secretion of GH from tumour cells which are independent of normal control process. Lack of suppression with high glucose

23
Q

What is the difference between a macroadenoma and micro adenoma

A

Macroadenoma >10mm

microadenoma <10mm

24
Q

What is a potential side effect of using surgery or radiotherapy to manage pituitary disease

A

Hypopituitarism and damage to optic pathways

25
Q

What is the preferred method treatment for most pituitary tumours (and types)

A

surgery

  • craniotomy (through the skull above the eye
  • Trans-sphenoidal-through the nose
26
Q

Causes of hyperprolactinaemia

A

Prolactinoma (prolactin secreting tumour)

Damage to pituitary stalk and loss of inhibitory influence of hypothalamic dopamine

27
Q

Symptoms of hyperprolactinaemia

A

Loss of fertility/libido, galactorrhea (milky discharge from breast tissue)

gynaecomastia (proliferation of breast tissue)

28
Q

What is the role of prolactin

A

Stimulates mammary glands to produce milk

Promotes growth and development of breasts

29
Q

How does prolactin cause reduction in reproductive function

A

It decreases GnRH release

Which in turn decreases LH and FSH release

And in turn that decreases sex hormones

30
Q

What drug is used to treat a hyperprolactinaemia and how does it work

A

Dopamine receptor agonists

Inhibit prolactin secretion and shrunk tumour

(surgery/radiotherapy considered with tumours resistant to drug therapy)

31
Q

What is the most common cause of acromegaly

A

GH secreting tumour

32
Q

What is acromegaly

A

Bone density increases. Coarsening of facial features and enlarged hands and feet

33
Q

Symptoms of acromegaly

A

Headaches, vision disturbance,

sleep apnoea, general tiredness

Hypertension, cardiomegaly

Glucose intolerance (diabetes)

Irregular or loss of periods

Impotence in males

34
Q

How can dentists detect acromegaly early

A

As lower jaw enlarges, gaps appear between teeth

35
Q

Treatment for acromegaly

A

Surgical removal of tumour, radiotherapy in some

36
Q

Drug therapy for acromegaly

A

Somatostatin (inhibit GH release)

If somatostatin is not effective, use bromocriptine (dopamine receptor agonist)

37
Q

What causes Cushing’s syndrome

A

Excessive glucocorticoid activity

ACTH-secreting anterior pituitary tumour

38
Q

Treatment of cushings syndrome

A

Surgical removal

39
Q

What is pan-hypopituitarism

A

Deficiency of all pituitary hormones

40
Q

What can cause damage pituitary stalk

A

Severe head trauma

41
Q

What can GH deficiency lead to

A

Stunted growth in childhood

42
Q

What can TSH deficiency lead to

A

secondary hypothyroidism

43
Q

What can ACTH deficiency lead to

A

Secondary adrenal insufficiency

44
Q

What can ADH deficiency lead to

A

Diabetes insipidis

45
Q

What can a Ganadotropin (LH/FSH) deficiency lead to in a young and adult patient

-And treatment

A

Young- lack of sexual development (delayed puberty)

adult- infertility

Hormone therapy

Pituitary tumour EAR:1 (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions