Hypothalamus and pituitary hormones Flashcards
Where is the pituitary gland located in
Cavity of the sphenoid bone
What is the pituitary gland under the control of
Hypothalamus
What are the 2 parts of the pituitary gland
anterior and posterior
Embrylogically, why is the pituitary in two separate pieces
Because it forms from an ectodermal upgrowth from the roof of the primitive mouth and a neuroectodermal down growth of the brain
What does the posterior lobe secrete and where are they formed
2 hormones:
ADH (supraoptic nucleus of hypothalamus)
Oxytocin (paraventricular nucleus)
What are ADH and Oxytocin secreted by
Neurosecretion
What do ADH and oxytocin act on
NOn-endocrine tissues
Where does the posterior lobe get its blood supply from
Middle and inferior hypophyseal arteries
What is the main bulk of the anterior pituitary called
Pars distalis
Where is the pars tuberalis
Part of the anterior lobe that curls around the pituitary stalk
What is the part of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland that is next to the posterior pituitary
Pars intermedia
What does the pars intermedia secrete
Melanocyte stimulating hormone
What are chromophobes
Either:
- Immature cells with only a few hormones
- Recently released most of their hormones
- Waiting in reserve so don’t have a lot of hormones
What are somatotrophs
Acidophils which Produce growth hormone
What are lactotrophs
Acidophils which produce prolactin
What are corticotrophins
Basophils which produce ACTH + others
What are thyrotrophs
Basophils which produce TSH
In the anterior pituitary, what colours do acidophils, basophils and chromophobes stain
Acidophils- pink
Basophils-purple
Chromophobes-pale
what are gonadotrophs
Cells secreting glycoproteins which produce LH and FSH
What is secretion mediated by from the anterior pituitary
Hypothalamic releasing hormones from the median eminence of the hypothalamus
What is the blood supply of the anterior pituitary
Superior hypophyseal arteries (from internal carotids)
What is bilateral hemianopia
Temporal field of view lost
