Normal Labor

Question 1

onset of forceful, painful, & regular uterine contractions that effect cervical dilatation and effacement & cause fetus to descend through birth canal

Answer 1

labor/partuition/childbirth

Question 2

3 true labor signs

Answer 2

painful & regular uterine contractions

bloody show

rupture of membranes

Question 3

Factors for succesful labor (4 ps)

Answer 3

Passenger
Passage
Power
Psyche

Question 4

the fetus, fetal lie, attitude, preentation, position

Answer 4

passsenger

Question 5

the birth canal

Answer 5

passage

Question 6

uterine contractions and intra-abdominal pressure

Answer 6

power

Question 7

maternal psychological status during labor

Answer 7

psyche

Question 8

determines the fetal position

Answer 8

leopold’s maneuver

Question 9

L1, L2, L3, L4 description

Answer 9

L1 : assess which fetal pole occupies fundus
L2 : assess fetal orientation
L3 : confirm fetal presentation
L4 : determine degree of descent

Question 10

L1 is also called? and what does it find out

Answer 10

Fundal Grip
-cephalic presentation (large, nodular mass
buttocks in fundus)
- breech presentation (hard, round, ballotable
head in fundus)

Question 11

L2 is also called? and what does it find out

Answer 11

Umbilical Grip
- fetal back (hard, resistant, convex)
-fetal small parts (numerous, small, irregular, mobile)

Question 12

L3 is also called? and what does it find out

Answer 12

Pawlick’s Grip
-Engaged fetal head
(mass not moveable)
Unengaged fetal head
(moveable mass can be displaced upward)

Question 13

L4 is also called? and what does it find out

Answer 13

Pelvic Grip
Head flexed
(cephalic prominence same side w/ small parts)
Head extended
(cephalic prominence same side w/ back)

Question 14

relation of fetal long axis to that of the mother
longitudinal, transverse, oblique

Answer 14

Fetal lie

Question 15

presenting part
portion of fetal body foremost within the birth canal
felt during IE
cephalic, breech, shoulder, compound

Answer 15

Fetal Presentation

Question 16

head is the presenting part

Answer 16

cephalic presentation

Question 17

buttocks / foot is the presenting part

Answer 17

breech presentation

Question 18

shoulder / acromion is the presenting part

Answer 18

shoulder presentation

Question 19

fetal hand / foot prolapses alongside the presenting part

Answer 19

compound presentation

Question 20

posture of the habitus
characteristic posture of fetus in later months of pregnancy
relation of fetal parts to one another//
ovoid mass
folded / bent upon itself
back markedly convex
head sharply flexed
chin in close contact to chest
thighs flexed over abdomen
legs bent at the knees
arms crossed over thorax
umbilical cord lies in space between extremities

Answer 20

fetal attitude

Question 21

relationship of defined portion of presenting part to L or R side of
maternal birth canal

Answer 21

fetal position

Question 22

pelvis is divided into false pelvis and true pelvis
descent of fetus through pelvis occur through 3 important planes

Answer 22

passage

Question 23

descent of fetus through pelvis occur through 3 important planes

Answer 23

Pelvic Inlet - Superior

Midpelvis

Pelvic Outlet - Inferior

Question 24

Anterior, Posterior, Lateral borders of the pelvic inlet

Answer 24

Anterior- Pubic symphysis
Posterior- Sacral promontory
Lateral- Iliopectineal line

Question 25

Anterior, Posterior, Lateral borders of the pelvic outlet

Answer 25

anterior border- the pubic arch posterior border- tip of coccyx lateral border- ischial tuberosity and the sacrotuberous ligament

Question 26

Fetal head pushes against perineum fetal scalp appears at vaginal opening

Answer 26

crowning

Question 27

surgical incision of perineum made to prevent tearing and to release pressure on the fetal head with birth

Answer 27

episiotomy

Question 28

repair of genital laceration

Answer 28

episiorrhaphy

Question 29

1st degree lacerations

Answer 29

vaginal mucosa torn

Question 30

2nd degree laceration

Answer 30

perineal muscles torn

Question 31

3rd degree

Answer 31

anal sphincter torn

Question 32

4th degree

Answer 32

rectum torn

Question 33

pain of labor is due to

Answer 33

hypoxia of contracted myometrium compression of cervical nerve ganglia and lower uterus cervical stretching during dilatation (Ferguson reflex) stretching of peritoneum overlying the fundus

Question 34

series of movements that occur with fetal head during its passage through the pelvis happens at second stage of labor in nulliparas, engagement of the head happens before onset of labor

Answer 34

Cardinal Movements of Labor

Question 35

4 signs of placental seperation and when is it seen

Answer 35

1. sudden gush of blood 2. uterus becomes globular & firmer (Calkins sign) 3. lengthening of the cord 4. rise of uterus into the abdomen seen on third stage of labor

Question 36

Mechanism of placental expulsion (schultze model)

Answer 36

Shiny schultze

Question 37

Mechanism of placental expulsion (Matthews-duncan method)

Answer 37

Dirty duncan