Normal Labor Flashcards
onset of forceful, painful, & regular uterine contractions that effect cervical dilatation and effacement & cause fetus to descend through birth canal
labor/partuition/childbirth
3 true labor signs
painful & regular uterine contractions
bloody show
rupture of membranes
Factors for succesful labor (4 ps)
Passenger
Passage
Power
Psyche
the fetus, fetal lie, attitude, preentation, position
passsenger
the birth canal
passage
uterine contractions and intra-abdominal pressure
power
maternal psychological status during labor
psyche
determines the fetal position
leopold’s maneuver
L1, L2, L3, L4 description
L1 : assess which fetal pole occupies fundus
L2 : assess fetal orientation
L3 : confirm fetal presentation
L4 : determine degree of descent
L1 is also called? and what does it find out
Fundal Grip
-cephalic presentation (large, nodular mass
buttocks in fundus)
- breech presentation (hard, round, ballotable
head in fundus)
L2 is also called? and what does it find out
Umbilical Grip
- fetal back (hard, resistant, convex)
-fetal small parts (numerous, small, irregular, mobile)
L3 is also called? and what does it find out
Pawlick’s Grip
-Engaged fetal head
(mass not moveable)
Unengaged fetal head
(moveable mass can be displaced upward)
L4 is also called? and what does it find out
Pelvic Grip
Head flexed
(cephalic prominence same side w/ small parts)
Head extended
(cephalic prominence same side w/ back)
relation of fetal long axis to that of the mother
longitudinal, transverse, oblique
Fetal lie
presenting part
portion of fetal body foremost within the birth canal
felt during IE
cephalic, breech, shoulder, compound
Fetal Presentation
head is the presenting part
cephalic presentation
buttocks / foot is the presenting part
breech presentation
shoulder / acromion is the presenting part
shoulder presentation
fetal hand / foot prolapses alongside the presenting part
compound presentation
posture of the habitus
characteristic posture of fetus in later months of pregnancy
relation of fetal parts to one another//
ovoid mass
folded / bent upon itself
back markedly convex
head sharply flexed
chin in close contact to chest
thighs flexed over abdomen
legs bent at the knees
arms crossed over thorax
umbilical cord lies in space between extremities
fetal attitude
relationship of defined portion of presenting part to L or R side of
maternal birth canal
fetal position
pelvis is divided into false pelvis and true pelvis
descent of fetus through pelvis occur through 3 important planes
passage
descent of fetus through pelvis occur through 3 important planes
Pelvic Inlet - Superior
Midpelvis
Pelvic Outlet - Inferior
Anterior, Posterior, Lateral borders of the pelvic inlet
Anterior- Pubic symphysis
Posterior- Sacral promontory
Lateral- Iliopectineal line
Anterior, Posterior, Lateral borders of the pelvic outlet
anterior border- the pubic arch
posterior border- tip of coccyx
lateral border- ischial tuberosity and the sacrotuberous ligament
Fetal head pushes against perineum
fetal scalp appears at vaginal opening
crowning
surgical incision of perineum made to prevent tearing and to release pressure on the fetal head with birth
episiotomy
repair of genital laceration
episiorrhaphy
1st degree lacerations
vaginal mucosa torn
2nd degree laceration
perineal muscles torn
3rd degree
anal sphincter torn
4th degree
rectum torn
pain of labor is due to
hypoxia of contracted myometrium
compression of cervical nerve ganglia and lower uterus
cervical stretching during dilatation (Ferguson reflex)
stretching of peritoneum overlying the fundus
series of movements that occur with fetal head during its passage through the pelvis
happens at second stage of labor
in nulliparas, engagement of the head happens before onset of labor
Cardinal Movements of Labor
4 signs of placental seperation and when is it seen
- sudden gush of blood
- uterus becomes globular & firmer (Calkins sign)
- lengthening of the cord
- rise of uterus into the abdomen
seen on third stage of labor
Mechanism of placental expulsion (schultze model)
Shiny schultze
Mechanism of placental expulsion (Matthews-duncan method)
Dirty duncan
