Normal Human Gait Flashcards
What 3 accomplishments occur during IC and LR?
forward progression
stability
shock absorption
what 2 accomplishments occur during MSt and TSt
stability and forward progression
What is the critical event(s) that occurs during:
- IC
heel first contact
What is the critical event(s) that occurs during:
- LR
hip stability
controlled knee flexion and ankle PF
Heel rocker
What is the critical event(s) that occurs during:
- MSt
controlled tibial advacement
ankle rocker
What is the critical event(s) that occurs during:
- TSt
controlled ankle DF w/ heel rise of the trailing limb
forefoot rocker
what 2 accomplishments occur during all swing phase?
foot clearance and limb advancement
What is the critical event(s) that occurs during:
- PSw
passive knee flexion and PF
period of relaxation
What is the critical event(s) that occurs during:
- ISw
hip flexion helps w/ knee flexion
What is the critical event(s) that occurs during:
- MSw
further hip flexion and ankle to neutral
What is the critical event(s) that occurs during:
- TSw
knee extension to neutral to prepare for IC
what joint position should the hip be at IC
20-30 deg flexion
5 deg pelvic rotation and anterior tilt
where should the GRF be at the hip during IC?
what moment does it create?
anterior
flexion moment
what key muscles are active at the hip during IC?
Why?
hip extensors - to counterbalance the flexion moment from the GRF
what is the joint position of the hip during LR
20 deg flexion
5 deg pelvis forward rotation and anterior tilt
where is the GRF at the hip during LR
thru the joint
what key muscles are active at the hip during LR?
why?
extensors reduce activity - GRF is no longer anterior to hip
ABD activity increases - allow for stabilization of the pelvis as the body accepts load
what position is the hip during MSt
moves from neutral to extension
pelvis is neutral
where is the GRF at the hip during MSt
posterior/thru and medial
what muscles are active at the hip during MSt?
extensors are quiet - GRF thru the joint
isometric contraction of hip ABD
what type of stability is achieved at the hip during MSt
M-L stability
what joint position is the hip in during TSt
10-20 deg EXTENSION
5 deg pelvic backward rotation
where is the GRF at the hip during TSt
thru the joint
what muscles are active at the hip during TSt?
none
what is the joint position of the hip in PSw
20 deg ext to 10 deg ext
where is the GRF at the hip during PSw
posterior - creating an extension moment
what muscles are active at the hip during PSw
iliacus and hip ABD
what is the joint position of the hip at ISw
15-20 deg flexion
5 deg pelvic backward rotation
what muscles are active at the hip during ISw
concentric hip flexor
where is the GRF for any joint during swing phase?
no GRF –> in swing phase
where is the joint position of the hip during MSw
25-30 deg flexion
neutral pelvis
what muscles are active at the hip during MSw
concentric hip flexor
what is the joint position of the hip during TSw
20-30 deg flexion
5 deg pelvic forward rotation
what m are active at the hip during TSw
ECC contraction of the hamstrings
what is the position of the knee during IC
neutral - slight flexion
where is the GRF at the knee during IC
anterior - creating an extension moment
what muscles are active at the knee during IC
slight hams at beginning - turn off quick
quads on to prepare for LR
what is the joint position of the knee during LR
15 deg flexion
where is the GRF at the knee during LR
posterior
what muscles are active at the knee during LR
ECC contraction of quads - counterbalance flexion moment of GRF
what joint position of the knee during MSt
slight flexion - neutral
where is the GRF at the knee during MSt
almost thru the joint
what m are active at the knee during MSt
quad activity decreases - m activity is almost quiet
what is the joint position of the knee during TSt
neutral
where is the GRF at the knee during TSt
thru the joint
what m are active at the knee during TSt
none- GRF is thru the knee
what is the joint position of the knee during PSw
40 deg of rapid flexion
where is the GRF at the knee during PSw
posterior - creating flexion moment
what m are active at the knee during PSw
none - GRF helps to unlock the knee
what is the joint position of the knee during ISw
60 deg flexion
what m are active at the knee during ISw
short head of biceps femoris, sartorius, gracilis
what is the joint position of the knee during MSw
25 deg flexion
what m are active at the knee during MSw
knee flexors - RELAX
begin ECC contraction of hams as the knee moves into ext.
what is the joint position of the knee during TSw
neutral
what muscles are active at the knee during TSw
concentric quads
ECC hams - prevent hyperextension
what is the JP of the ankle during IC
neutral
what muscles are active at the ankle during IC
isometric contractions of the pretibial m to counterbalance the PF GRF
where is the GRF at the ankle during IC
posterior - creating a PF moment
what JP is the ankle in during LR
controlled drop to 10 deg PF
what m are active at the ankle during LR
ECC contraction of pretibials
Where is the GRF at the ankle during LR
still posterior - creating the PF moment
what JP is the ankle in during MSt
from PF to slight DF
what m are active at the ankle during MSt
ECC contraction of PF (soleus) to counterbalance falling forward motion
where is the GRF at the ankle during MSt
anterior
what JP is the ankle in during Tst
10 def DF
what m are active at the ankle during TSt
greatest activity of PF
moves from ECC to concentric for toe off at PSw
what JP is the ankle in at PSw
15-20 deg PF
what m are active at the ankle during PSw
none at the ankle due to small anterior GRF
what JP is the ankle in during ISw
moving from PF to neutral
what m are active at the ankle during ISw
CONC contraction of pretibials
what JP is the ankle in during MSw
neutral - tibia is almost vertical to floor
what m are active at the ankle during MSw
isometric contraction of pretibials
what JP is the ankle in during TSw
neutral
what m are active at the ankle during TSw
isometric contraction of pretibials
what JP is the foot in during IC
ST = neutral
MT = neutral
MTP = EXT
where is the GRF at the foot during IC
lateral to joint center (slightly)
what m are active at the foot during IC
invertors
EXT hallicis longus
Ext digitorum longus
what JP is the foot in during LR
ST = slight EV
MT = decrease of medial arch
MTP = neutral
what m are active at the foot during LR
tib post and anterior
toe extensors
what JP is the foot in during MSt
ST = into less EV from LR
MT = medial arch drops
MTP = neutral
what JP is the foot in during TSt
ST = into slight IV
MT = foot arch restores
MTP = extension
What m are active at the foot during TSt
evertors and intrinsics
what JP is the foot in during PSw
ST and MT = neutral
MTP = extension 60 deg
what m are active at the foot during PSw
intrinsics
