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Advanced Gait > Common Gait Deviations > Flashcards

Common Gait Deviations Flashcards

1
Q

what are 2 common deviations you might see at the foot/toe during IC

A

excessive IV (supination)
excessive EV

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2
Q

what 2 things might cause excessive inversion of the foot during IC

A

**overactive invertors - UMN disorder **
equinovarus contracture

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3
Q

what is the major cause of excessive EV at the foot during IC?

A

weak invertors
secondarily - low arch/knee valgus

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4
Q

what are 3 common deviations you might see at the ankle during IC

A

foot slap
foot flat (no heel strike)
forefoot contact

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5
Q

what are 2 causes of foot slap at IC

A

mildly weak pretibials
lacking ECC control

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6
Q

what are 3 causes of foot flat during IC

A

weak pretibials
joint contracture - ankle
compensation for excessive knee flexion during TSw

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7
Q

what are 3 causes of forefoot contact during IC

A

severely weak DF
joint contracture
spastic calf m

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8
Q

what are 4 ankle/foot deviations you might see during LR

A

foot slap
excessive EV
excessive IV
excessive toe extension

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9
Q

what might cause excessive toe extension during LR

A

compensation for weak tib anterior - trying to help DF foot
toe extensor hypertonicity

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10
Q

what are 4 deviations you might see at the ankle during MSt

A

insufficient tibial advancement
premature heel rise
excessive DF
compensatory vaulting

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11
Q

what might cause insufficient tibial advancement during MSt

A

weak PF/poor ECC control of PF
spastic PF

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12
Q

what may cause premature heel rise at the ankle during MSt

A

tight PF
joint contracture

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13
Q

what may cause excessive DF at the ankle during MSt

A

severely weak PF
secondary to excessive knee/hip flexion

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14
Q

what might cause compensatory vaulting at the ankle during MSt

A

compensate for lack of flexion of C/L limb

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15
Q

what phases of gait might you see excessive EV or IV at the ankle?

A

IC, LR, MSt, TSt, PSw

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16
Q

what could cause Excessive or premature heel rise during TSt?

A

tight PF or joint contracture

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17
Q

what might cause insufficient heel rise or no heel rise during TSt?

A

weak or paralyzed PF

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18
Q

what 2 impairments might you see in the toes during TSt

A

insufficient toe ext and clawed toes

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19
Q

what 2 phases of gait will insufficient toe ext or clawed toes cause a problem?

A

TSt and PSw

20
Q

what could cause insufficient toe extension

A

contracture or forefoot pain
spastic toe flexors

21
Q

what could cause clawed toes?

A

spastic toe flexors
compensatory for weak PF

22
Q

why might you see foot drop during ISw, MSw, TSw

A

weak or paralyzed PF
PF contracture or hypertonicity
excessive inverted foot

23
Q

what is the most likely deviation you will see at the knee during IC

A

knee extensor thrust

24
Q

what are 3 causes of knee extensor thrust

A

spastic quads
severely weak quads
compensation for PF contracture (forefoot or flat foot contact)

25
Q

if a pt has an unstable knee (that might collapse during LR) how might they compensate?
why?

A

knee hyperextension and anterior trunk lean - to bring the GRF closer to the joint

26
Q

what would cause a collapse or unstable knee during LR?

A

weak quads
impaired proprioception

27
Q

what could cause knee hyperextension at LR

A

weak quads
spastic quads
knee pain
compensation for PF contracture

28
Q

what 2 deviations might you see at the knee during MSt

A

excessive knee flexion
hyperextension

29
Q

what 3 things could cause excessive knee flexion during MSt

A

knee flexion contracture
spastic hamstring
compensate for PF weakness of HF contracture

30
Q

why might you see hyperextension at the knee during MSt

A

to compensate for lack of tibia forward progression

31
Q

what 3 deviations might you see at the knee during all swing phases

A

insufficient or absent knee flexion
excessive knee flexion
insufficient knee extension AT TSw

32
Q

what could cause insufficient or absent knee flexion during swing?

A

spastic knee extensors
knee ext contracture
knee pain
insufficient limb advancement caused by hip

33
Q

what would cause excessive knee flexion during swing

A

to compensate for reduced DF

34
Q

what would cause insufficient knee ext at TSw

A

weak quads
hamstring contracture

35
Q

what is the most common deviation you will see at the hip during IC and LR?
what compensation will it lead to?

A

limited HF - compensatory posterior trunk lean/lurch

36
Q

what causes limited HF at IC and LR

A

weak or paralyzed Gmax

37
Q

what 3 deviations might you see at the hip during MSt

A

pelvic drop (Trendelenburg gait)
Compensatory lateral trunk lean
excessive hip flexion

38
Q

what causes pelvic drop during MSt

A

weak Gmed
hip pain

39
Q

what would cause excessive hip flexion during MSt

A

HF contracture

40
Q

what 2 deviations might you see at the hip during TSt

A

anterior pelvic tilt
trunk forward lean

41
Q

an anterior pelvic tilt during TSt would lead to what compensation?
what causes it?

A

lumbar hyperlordosis
caused by - HF contracture

42
Q

what would cause a trunk forward lean during TSt

A

hip pain - HF contracture > 15 deg

43
Q

what are 3 common deviations you might see at the hip during swing phase

A

posterior trunk lean and SB to stance leg
hip circumduction/hiking
excessive hip flexion

44
Q

why would you see a posterior trunk lean during swing phase

A

HF weakness
to bring the GRF closer to the hip joint

45
Q

what 3 reasons might you see hip circumduction during swing?

A

HF weakness
stiff/contracture in knee
lack of DF

46
Q

why might you see excessive HF during swing phase

A

compensate for weak DF

Advanced Gait (2 decks)

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