Common Gait Deviations Flashcards
what are 2 common deviations you might see at the foot/toe during IC
excessive IV (supination)
excessive EV
what 2 things might cause excessive inversion of the foot during IC
**overactive invertors - UMN disorder **
equinovarus contracture
what is the major cause of excessive EV at the foot during IC?
weak invertors
secondarily - low arch/knee valgus
what are 3 common deviations you might see at the ankle during IC
foot slap
foot flat (no heel strike)
forefoot contact
what are 2 causes of foot slap at IC
mildly weak pretibials
lacking ECC control
what are 3 causes of foot flat during IC
weak pretibials
joint contracture - ankle
compensation for excessive knee flexion during TSw
what are 3 causes of forefoot contact during IC
severely weak DF
joint contracture
spastic calf m
what are 4 ankle/foot deviations you might see during LR
foot slap
excessive EV
excessive IV
excessive toe extension
what might cause excessive toe extension during LR
compensation for weak tib anterior - trying to help DF foot
toe extensor hypertonicity
what are 4 deviations you might see at the ankle during MSt
insufficient tibial advancement
premature heel rise
excessive DF
compensatory vaulting
what might cause insufficient tibial advancement during MSt
weak PF/poor ECC control of PF
spastic PF
what may cause premature heel rise at the ankle during MSt
tight PF
joint contracture
what may cause excessive DF at the ankle during MSt
severely weak PF
secondary to excessive knee/hip flexion
what might cause compensatory vaulting at the ankle during MSt
compensate for lack of flexion of C/L limb
what phases of gait might you see excessive EV or IV at the ankle?
IC, LR, MSt, TSt, PSw
what could cause Excessive or premature heel rise during TSt?
tight PF or joint contracture
what might cause insufficient heel rise or no heel rise during TSt?
weak or paralyzed PF
what 2 impairments might you see in the toes during TSt
insufficient toe ext and clawed toes
what 2 phases of gait will insufficient toe ext or clawed toes cause a problem?
TSt and PSw
what could cause insufficient toe extension
contracture or forefoot pain
spastic toe flexors
what could cause clawed toes?
spastic toe flexors
compensatory for weak PF
why might you see foot drop during ISw, MSw, TSw
weak or paralyzed PF
PF contracture or hypertonicity
excessive inverted foot
what is the most likely deviation you will see at the knee during IC
knee extensor thrust
what are 3 causes of knee extensor thrust
spastic quads
severely weak quads
compensation for PF contracture (forefoot or flat foot contact)
if a pt has an unstable knee (that might collapse during LR) how might they compensate?
why?
knee hyperextension and anterior trunk lean - to bring the GRF closer to the joint
what would cause a collapse or unstable knee during LR?
weak quads
impaired proprioception
what could cause knee hyperextension at LR
weak quads
spastic quads
knee pain
compensation for PF contracture
what 2 deviations might you see at the knee during MSt
excessive knee flexion
hyperextension
what 3 things could cause excessive knee flexion during MSt
knee flexion contracture
spastic hamstring
compensate for PF weakness of HF contracture
why might you see hyperextension at the knee during MSt
to compensate for lack of tibia forward progression
what 3 deviations might you see at the knee during all swing phases
insufficient or absent knee flexion
excessive knee flexion
insufficient knee extension AT TSw
what could cause insufficient or absent knee flexion during swing?
spastic knee extensors
knee ext contracture
knee pain
insufficient limb advancement caused by hip
what would cause excessive knee flexion during swing
to compensate for reduced DF
what would cause insufficient knee ext at TSw
weak quads
hamstring contracture
what is the most common deviation you will see at the hip during IC and LR?
what compensation will it lead to?
limited HF - compensatory posterior trunk lean/lurch
what causes limited HF at IC and LR
weak or paralyzed Gmax
what 3 deviations might you see at the hip during MSt
pelvic drop (Trendelenburg gait)
Compensatory lateral trunk lean
excessive hip flexion
what causes pelvic drop during MSt
weak Gmed
hip pain
what would cause excessive hip flexion during MSt
HF contracture
what 2 deviations might you see at the hip during TSt
anterior pelvic tilt
trunk forward lean
an anterior pelvic tilt during TSt would lead to what compensation?
what causes it?
lumbar hyperlordosis
caused by - HF contracture
what would cause a trunk forward lean during TSt
hip pain - HF contracture > 15 deg
what are 3 common deviations you might see at the hip during swing phase
posterior trunk lean and SB to stance leg
hip circumduction/hiking
excessive hip flexion
why would you see a posterior trunk lean during swing phase
HF weakness
to bring the GRF closer to the hip joint
what 3 reasons might you see hip circumduction during swing?
HF weakness
stiff/contracture in knee
lack of DF
why might you see excessive HF during swing phase
compensate for weak DF
