Normal Gait

Question 1

Velocity

Answer 1

82 m/min, 1.2-1.4 m/s, 2.7-3.1 mph

Question 2

Cadence

Answer 2

113-116 steps/min

Question 3

Base of Support

Answer 3

-2-4 inches

Question 4

Toe Out

Answer 4

7 degrees

Question 5

Stance Phase

Answer 5

62%

Question 6

Swing Phase

Answer 6

38%

Question 7

Single Limb

Answer 7

80%

Question 8

Double Limb Support

Answer 8

20%

Question 9

Tasks of Gait

Answer 9

1. Maintain HAT
2. Maintain balance/posture
3. Control Feet
4. Generate forward velocity
5. Shock absorption to decrease velocity

Question 10

Gait Cycle

Answer 10

Stance:
-Initial contact (Preswing): heel contact, flexion hip (20), ant pelvic rotation

-Loading response (pre- swing): weightshift, flexed knee (15), DF (7 lack of will show)

-Midstance (initial-mid Swing): Neutral hip

-Terminal Stance (Terminal Swing): extended hip (20), DF (10 at highest), mtp exetnsion

-Pre-Swing (Initial contact and loading response): extension, flexion (40), PF (15) (MTP 60 for windlass)

Swing:
-Initial Swing (midstance): toe off, most knee flexion (60),

-Middle Swing (Midstance): most flexion (25)

-Terminal Swing (Terminal Swimg): right before initial contact

Question 11

Ground Reaction Forces

Answer 11

IC: Ant to hip and knee, post to ankle
LR: Post to ankle and knee, ant to hip
MS: Ant to ankle and knee, post to hip
TS: Ant to ankle and knee, post to hip
PS: Post to hip and knee, an to ankle

Question 12

Internal Moments

Answer 12

-counteract external forces (eccentric or concentric to balance forces)

IC: ankle DF, hip ext, knee flex
LR: ankle DF, hip ext, knee ext
MS: ankle PF, hip flx, knee flex
TS: ankle PF, hip flx, knee flex
PS: ankle PF, hip flx, knee ext

Question 13

Rockers

Answer 13

1. Heel (IC, LR): Deceleration
2. Ankle (MS): Deceleration
3. Foefoot (TS): Aceleration
4. Toes (PS): Aceleration

Question 14

Weight Acceptance (aspects)

Answer 14

-beginning
-Initial contact and loading response
-progression, stability, shock absorption

Question 15

Single Limb Support (aspects)

Answer 15

-midstance and terminal stance
-forward progression, stability

Question 16

Swing Limb Advancement (aspects)

Answer 16

-preswing, initial swing, midswing, terminal swing
-foot clearance, limb advancement

Question 17

Stance Phase Components

Answer 17

-initial contact
-loading response
-Mid-stance
-terminal stance

Question 18

Swing Phase Components

Answer 18

-Preswing
-Initial swing
-Mid swing
-Terminal swing

Question 19

Biomechanical Subcomponents of Gait: Stance Control

Answer 19

-absence of vertical limb or trunk collapse

Question 20

Biomechanical Subcomponents of Gait: Limb Advancement

Answer 20

-adequate foot clearance and positive step length bilaterally

Question 21

Biomechanical Subcomponents of Gait: Propulsion

Answer 21

-ability to move center of mass in a specific direction

Question 22

Biomechanical Subcomponents of Gait: Postural Stability

Answer 22

-maintaining upright sagittal and frontal planes w/in BOS

Question 23

Initial Contact

Answer 23

Critical Event: Heel first contact
-GRF anterior

Ankle:
-neutral
-Isometric ant tib

Knee:
-Neutral/ 5 deg flx (soft knee)
-Concentric of quad to prep for LR

Hip:
-20deg of flx (stabilize from GRF)
-Hip extensors (counter hip flx from GRF)

Question 24

Loading Response

Answer 24

Critical Event: Hip stability, controlled knee flx, ankle PF
-GRF anterior, post to knee

Ankle:
-5 deg PF
-eccentric ant tib
-Heel rocker

Knee:
-15 deg flx
-Eccentric of quad to prep

Hip:
-20 deg of flx (stabilize from GRF)
-Hip extensors (counter hip flx from GRF) and adductors to bring LE in

Question 25

Midstance

Answer 25

Critical Event: Controlled tibial advancement
-GRF underneath

Ankle:
-5 deg DF
-eccentric plantarflexors (tibial incline)
-Ankle rocker

Knee:
-5 deg flx
-Initial quad, then turn off

Hip:
-Neutral
-Hip adductors (counter hip flx from GRF) and adductors to bring LE in