Normal Gait Flashcards
stance phase vs swing phase percentage
62 stance
38 swing
step length
right heel to left heel or vise versa
Stride length
left heel to left heel or vise versa
1.51 for males
1.32 for females
meters
degree of toe out
normal 5-7 degrees
angle between heel and second toe
step width
lateral distance between right and left heel or vise versa
normal is 7-10
stride length is also the time
the time for a full gait cycle
cadence
steps per min
male 108 steps/min
female 118 steps/min
walking speed is functional how
it is the most functional measurement of individuals walking ability 3 mph or 1.37 for males 1.3 for females
single limb support (SLS) percent
80
double limb support (DLS) percent
20
running differ from walking
no double support phase
there is a point where no foot is on the ground
functional tasks of gait
weight acceptance WA
SLS
SLA (swing limb advancement
WA phases and fx
initial contact loading response
forward progress
stability
shock absorption
SLS phases and fx
mid stance
terminal stance
stability
forward progression
SLA stances and fx
pre swing
initial swing
mid swing
terminal swing
foot clearing
limb advancement
CoM is displaced in
forward
vertical
side to side
CoM vertical
viewed from side
lowest point during periods of DLS
highest points during SLS
5cm displaced
CoM side to side
max shift right
max shift right end of midstance (right leg reference)
max shift left during mid swing (right leg reference)
4cm displaced
Initial contact critical event muscles: Hip Knee Ankle
CE - heel first contact H -EX concentric K - Eccentric hamstring concentric quads to eccentric in prep from loading A - DF concentric
loading response critical event muscles: Hip Knee Ankle
CE - hip stability, controlled knee FL ankle PF
H - EX concentric
K - eccentric quads
A - eccentric DF - transition into eccentric PF
midstance critical event muscles: Hip Knee Ankle
CE - controlled tibial advancement
H -N/a
K - eccentric quads in beginning - to concentric knee extenders at end
A - eccentric of ankle PF
Terminal stance critical event muscles: Hip Knee Ankle
CE - controlled ankle DF with heel rise
H - minimal activity in sagittal plane
K - no extensor activity maintained by gastroc
A - concentric PF (prevent tibial collapse)
Preswing critical event muscles: Hip Knee Ankle
CE - passive knee FL to 40 deg and ankle PF
H - concentric FL
K - knee FL passive
A - ankle PF is mainly passive tension - concentric DF
midswing critical event muscles: Hip Knee Ankle
CE - further hip FL to 25 and ankle DF to 0
H - concentric hip FL - start of eccentric hip EX
K - knee EX created by momentum - knee flexors eccentric at end of phase
A - continued concentric DF
initial swing critical event muscles: Hip Knee Ankle
CE - hip FL to 15 and knee FL to 60 (majority of foot clearance bc of knee FL)
H - concentric FL
K - Concentric FL
A - concentric DF
Terminal swing critical event muscles: Hip Knee Ankle
CE - knee EX to N
H - concentric EX
K - concentric EX, Eccentric knee FL
A - concentric DF
Hip ROM for normal gait
25 deg of FL and 20 deg of EX
knee ROM for normal gait
40 deg of FL at preswing and max knee FL 60 deg at initial swing
Ankle ROM for normal gait
10 deg of DF and 15 deg of PF
pelvis hip frontal plane ROM
Pelvis rotates through 10-15 deg on stance limb
loading response of R the L iliac crest drops
then L iliac is elevated
foot/ subtalar frontal plane
inverted 2-3 deg at initial contact - rapid eversion of calc
after mid stance - sub talr reverses direction toward inversion
inversion continues in pre swing
calc returns to slightly inverted position in late swing to prepare for next heel contact
horizontal plane trunk
opposite rotation from pelvic motion
hip horizontal plane
forward rotation of pelvis on stance limb with hip FL during swing
increases step length
shoulder horizontal plane
opposite sagittal plane motion of ipsi hip
active, particularly shoulder EX
balances rotational forces of the trunk
what reduces downward displacement of CoM
horizontal plane pelvic rotation
sagittal plane ankle rotation
what reduces upward displacement of CoM
stance phase knee FL
frontal plane pelvic rotation (hip hike and drop)
what reduces side to side excursion of CoM
frontal plane hip rotation
step width
muscle in frontal
stances
loading response hip - AB eccentric ankle - inverters eccentric Midstance hip - AB eccentric into concentric ankle - inverters eccentric terminal stance hip - AB concentric ankle - inverters concentric
muscle in frontal
swings
pre swing hip - AB concentric ankle - inverters concentric initial mid and terminal hip - AD concentric ankle - evertors concentric
