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Echo 3 murmurs/stress test/ecg/doppelr/hemo > normal ecg and arrythmias > Flashcards

normal ecg and arrythmias Flashcards

1
Q

3 lead placement

A
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2
Q

5 lead placement

A
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3
Q

12 lead placement

A
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4
Q

cardiac conduction

A

SA node to AV node to bundle of his to left and right bundle branches to perkinjie fibers

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5
Q

A normal P wave

A

small round and less than 3mm tall
no more than .1 sec
wave caused by SA node (atrial systole)

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6
Q

Q wave

A

produced by initial depolarization in IVS

1mm deep and 1mm wide

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7
Q

R wave

A

remaining of ventricular depolarization

ventricular systole

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8
Q

S wave

A

ventricular depolarization

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9
Q

QRS complex

A

between .06 and .09 seconds

bundle of his , left and right bundle branches and the purkinjie fibers cause the QTS complex

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10
Q

T wave

A

ventricular repolarization
IVRT time
less than 6mm with a duration of .01 to .25 sec
diastolic portion of the heart

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11
Q

normal RR interval

A

one minute is one heart rate

peak to peak

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12
Q

PP interval

A

in normal the PP and RR intervals are equal

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13
Q

PR interval

A

measures atrioventricular activation time

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14
Q

QRS interval

A

time from the beginning of Q to the end of the S wave

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15
Q

QT interval

A

ventricular systole

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16
Q

ST segment

A

ventricular ejection is occuring

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17
Q

absolute refractory period

A

second heart contraction cannot occur

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18
Q

relative refractory period

A

a strong enough stimulus can cause a second heart contraction

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19
Q

bradycardia

A

less then 60 BPM

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20
Q

tachycardia

A

more than 100 BPM

21
Q

normal sinus rhythm

A
22
Q

ekg of bradycardia

A
23
Q

ekg of tachycardia

A
24
Q

arrhythmia

A

the heart beats with irregular or abnormal rhythm

25
Q

types of arrhythmia

A 
PVC:premature ventricular contraction
bigeminy
trigeminy
atriventricular block
right/left bundle branch block
AFIB 
atrial flutter
26
Q

what is a PVC

A

where the purkinjie fibers initiate the contraction of the ventricles
may be felt as a palpatations, the ventricles contract before they are filled with blood
loss of an A

27
Q

what is a Bigeminy

A

where a short and long HB alternate

usually due to an ectopic heart beat like a PVC

28
Q

what is a trigeminy

A

2 sinus beats with an ectopic heartbeat

29
Q

AV (atrioventricular) block occurs when?

A

there is an impairment of conduction between the atria and ventricules

30
Q

causes of an AV block

A

MI, cardiomyopathy, congenital heart disease, valvular disease

31
Q

first degree AV block

A

PR interval great than .20 sec

E and A waves merge because of premature closer of MV

32
Q

second degree AV block type 1

A

the PR interval gets longer and longer with each beat until QRS is dropped

33
Q

second AV block type 2

A

PR intervals are constant and long prior to the QRS being dropped

34
Q

third degree AV block

A

no association between P waves and QRS

35
Q

right bundle branch block (RBBB)

A

the RV is not activated by impulses
conduction through myocardium is slower than the purkinjie fibers and the QRS becomes wider
seen in leads V1 and V2

36
Q

left bundle branch block (LBBB)

A

activation of LV is delayed which causes the LV to contract later than the RV
on echo there is paradoxical septal motion

37
Q

ventricular tachycardia

A

EKG will show at least three wide QRS complex and may result in Vfib

38
Q

supraventricular tachycardia

A

BPM 150-220

fast rhythms arising from upper part of heart atria or AV node

39
Q

4 types of SVT

A

AFIB
atrial flutter
paroxysmal SVT
wolfparkinson white syndrome

40
Q

svt ekg

A
41
Q

AFIB

A

most common

chronic AFIB can lead to risk of death

42
Q

causes of AFIB

A

the SA node in the RA are overwhelmed by disorganized electrical impulses.
MS (most common reason) , and high blood pressure increase risk of AFIB

43
Q

AFIB symptoms

A

usually no symptoms

but there may be palpitations, fainting, chest pain or CHF

44
Q

treatment for AFIB

A

synchronized electrical cardioversion
surgical catheter based ablation
anti clotting medication
medication for rate control

45
Q

In what leads is an RBBB seen

A

V1 and v2

46
Q

On echo what is seen which a LBBB

A

ivs paradoxal motion

47
Q

What leads is an LBBB seen

A

V5 and 6

48
Q

4 main types of SVT

A

A fib
Atrial flutter
Paroxysmal svt
Wolf parkison white syndrome

Echo 3 murmurs/stress test/ecg/doppelr/hemo (5 decks)

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