Normal Development Review Flashcards
Normal developmental milestones
Head control - 4 mo Rolling - 6-8 mo Sitting - 8 mo Creeping - 9 mo Cruising - 10 mo Walking - 12 mo
2 year old motor milestones
Reciprocal arm swing, heel strike during gait, run with flight phase, SLS 1-3 sec, throw a small ball, up stairs reciprocally, goes down stairs “marking time”
3-5 year old motor milestones
Going up/down stairs reciprocally (3), hopping four times (4), galloping (5), skipping (6)
5-6 year old motor milestones
SLS 8-10 sec (5), skip with alternating feet (5), SLS 10 sec eyes closed (6), riding a bike (6)
Phases of prone progression
Prone, head lift & reach, head lift & reach with alternating arms, prop up on extended arms, extended arm reaching, alternating extended arm reaching, crawling, forward progression, double arm pulling, alternate crawling, quadruped sitting, standing
Suck-Swallow primitive reflex
Instinctively suck anything that touches roof of mouth
Onset = 28 week gestation
Integration = 2-5 mo
Rooting primitive reflex
Assists in breastfeeding. Turning of head toward the object that strokes the cheek/mouth
Onset = 28 weeks gestation
Integration = 3 mo
Flexor withdrawal primitive reflex
Pulls feet away after being touched
Onset = 28 weeks gestation
Integration = 1-2 mo
Crossed extensor primitive reflex
After being touched the opposite leg flexes and then extends.
Onset = 28 weeks gestation
Integration = 1-2 mo
Moro primitive reflex
Response to loss of balance. Arms/legs will splay out in extension and then re-flex
Onset = 28 weeks gestation
Integration = 4-6 mo
Positive support primitive reflex
Feet on surface, then push off that surface and straighten legs
Onset = 35 weeks gestation
Integration = 1-2 mo
Asymmetric Tonic Neck primitive reflex
Turn head to right, right arm straightens, left arm flexes (and vice versa)
Onset = birth
Integration = 4-6 mo
Palmar grasp primitive reflex
Stroke the palm, hand flexes
Onset = birth
Integration = 9 mo
Symmetrical Tonic Neck primitive reflex
Child is in prone, extend elbows and head extends, flex neck and elbows bend
Onset = 4-6 mo
Integration = 8-12 mo
Reflexes definition
Stereotypic, involuntary responses to sensory stimuli used to access developmental function and nervous system integrity
Primitive reflexes
Moro, Landeau, ATNR, STNR, Tonic labyrinthine, Babinski
Physical function =
Goal directed movement
Link between movement and the environment
Function
Focus of infancy development
Survival (breathing/keeping airway clear), then exploration and play
Focus of childhood development
Postural control, locomotion, prehension, functional activities of eating and dressing
Focus of maturity development
Skill refinement, body systems operate at peak efficiency
Why does a child’s heart rate slow as they age?
Their heart becomes more efficient
RR, HR, and BP during age
HR and RR go down, BP goes up
Gestational age
The first day of their last menstrual period
Chronological age
Starts at birth
Corrected age
Starts at day of expected delivery
If a child is born early and their corrected age has not occurred yet they have a corrected age of 0
Prenatal age range
Conception to birth
Germinal
1-2 weeks gestation
Embryonic
2-8 weeks gestation
Fetal
9-38 weeks gestation
Infancy age range
Birth to 2 years
Childhood age range
2-10 (female)
2-12 (male)
Adolescence
10-18 (female)
12-20 (male)
Factors affecting normal development
Genetics
Maturation
Environment
Culture
