Normal Development of Gross and Fine Motor Skills (19 mo - 7 yo) Flashcards
What are the gross and fine motor skills for a child 19-24 months?
Gross:
1) Up and down stairs non reciprocally with HHA
2) Easily squats and recovers in play
3) Climbs into adult size chair
4) Jumps in place
5) Kicks stationary ball
6) Jumps off step one foot leading
Fine
1) Turns several pages in book
2) Removes loose fitting clothes
3) Attempts to play catch
4) Sucks through a straw
24-29 month olds have what GMS and FMS?
GSM
1) Stands alone on balance beam
2) Stands on tiptoes when asked
3) Runs well and momentarily stands on one foot
4) Jumps from step with feet together
FMS
1) Puts shoes on (no lacing)
2) Puts on simple clothing without assistance
3) Turns door knob
At 2.5 and 3 years old what should they be able to do?
GMS
1) Up & down stairs reciprocally with rail
2) Balance on foot 2-3 s
3) Jumps forward at least one food
4) Walks on tip toe when asked
FMS
1) Spoon feeds without spilling
2) Washes and dries hands with SBA
3) Unbuttons and unsnaps
4) Pulls pants up/down and puts on socks
3-4 year olds should be exhibiting what GM and FM skills?
GMS
1) Mature assumption of supine to stand (1/2 kneel)
2) Rides tricycle, pedals, and steers indep.
3) Hops on 1 foot 2-5x bilat.
4) Balances on 1 foot 2-5 s
5) Consecutive jumping; up stairs reciprocal alone
FMS
1) Dons/doffs t-shirt
2) Brushes hair and teeth
3) Draws person with 3 parts
Ages 4 & 5 are asked to do what GM and FM skills?
GMS
1) Balance on 1 foot 4-8 s
2) Walks balance beam all directions >5 steps
3) Kicks rolling ball
4) Down stairs reciprocally alone
FMS
1) Indep. dressing except for tying
2) Draws person with 7 parts
3) Indep. toiling
5-6 year olds should be able to perform what GM and FM skills?
GMS
1) Balance on 1 foot 10 s
2) Skips and jumps rope (beginning to)
3) Rides bike without training wheels
4) Hops on 1 foot 10 steps
5) Walks on heels when asked
FMS
1) Laces and ties shoes
2) Writes a few letters spontaneously when asked to write name
At 6 and 7 years of age a child should be able to do what GM and FM skills?
GMS
1) Stands on one foot 8-10 s with eyes close
2) Able to jump rope well
3) Backwards on balance beam heel - toe gait
FMS
1) Prints name
2) Draws complete person with at least 12 body parts
What are some GMS that a child can learn if they so desire?
1) Mature patterns of mvmt in throwing, jumping, running
2) Learns to draw
3) Improved balance, coordination, endurance, and attention span
What are some of the differences in boys and girls around 10-12?
Boys: may develop preadolescent fat spurt
Girls: may develop prepubescent changes in body shape (hips and breasts) with rapid growth in size and strength
After 12 years of age what are some body changes happening?
1) Rapid growth in size and strength (Boys>girls)
2) Puberty leads to changes in body proportions
3) Boys: CoG increases
4) Girls: CoG decreased
5) Balance and coordination skills may plateau during growth spurts
6) Dexterity develops (girls can knit and crochet)
Where are individual finger movements controlled?
By the motor cortex through corticospinal tracts
At what age do the corticospinal tracts myelinate?
At 3 years old. Before 3 the child relies on larger muscles to control pencil.
T/F- Grasps are based on gender and experience only.
False: Based on gender, culture, and experience
What are the primitive grasps for writing?
1) Radial Cross Palmar
2) Palmar Supinate
3) Digital Pronate
4) Brush (very common, whole hand on top of pen)
5) Extended Fingers (less control and power)
Give some characteristics of primitive grasps.
- Immature, power type grasp
- Full UE movements
- <4 yo
- Forearm completely off table
