Normal Development Flashcards
What factors influence normal development?
Genetic
Nutritional
Environmental
What is the median age of a developmental milestone?
When 50% of the population develop a skill
What is the limit age of a developmental milestone?
Age when skill should have been acquired by 97.5% of children
What is a developmental milestone?
Key stage when a new skill is developed
What are the principles of development in a child?
Continuous process
Maturation of nervous system
Cephalocaudal direction
What are the 4 areas of development in a child that are assessed?
Gross motor
Fine motor and vision
Language and hearing
Social behaviour and play
In terms of gross motor development, what should be achieved by 3 months?
Head control
In terms of gross motor development, what should be achieved by 6 months?
Sitting balance
In terms of gross motor development, what should be achieved by 9 months?
Crawling
In terms of gross motor development, what should be achieved by 12 months?
Standing
May take first step
In terms of gross motor development, what should be achieved by 18 months?
Running
In terms of gross motor development, what should be achieved by 24 and 36 months?
Stairs - 2 feet by 24 and alternate feet by 36 months
What are the primitive reflexes in motor development?
Sucking and rooting Palmar and plantar grasp ATNR Moro Stepping and placing
When is the ATNR reflex lost?
3/4 months
In terms of fine motor skills and vision, what should be achieved by 6 weeks?
Follow torch with eyes
In terms of fine motor skills and vision, what should be achieved by 3 months?
Regard hands in midline
In terms of fine motor skills and vision, what should be achieved by 6 months?
Transfer of objects from hand to hand
Palmar grasp
Mouths objects
In terms of fine motor skills and vision, what should be achieved by 9 months?
Index finger to point
Picking up of tiny objects between thumb and hand
In terms of fine motor skills and vision, what should be achieved by 12 months?
Neat fine pincer grip
Bang toys together
Casting toys
In terms of fine motor skills and vision, what should be achieved by 18 months?
Build tower of 2/4 bricks
Hand preference
Enjoyment of picture books
In terms of fine motor skills and vision, what should be achieved by 24 months?
Build tower of 6/7 bricks
Circular scribble
In terms of fine motor skills and vision, what should be achieved by 36 months?
Build tower of 9/10 bricks
Copies circles
Cuts with scissors
In terms of language and hearing, what should be achieved by 6 weeks?
Stills to voice
In terms of language and hearing, what should be achieved by 3 months?
Vocalises with familiar presence
Laughs and coos