Normal Development Flashcards
What factors influence normal development?
Genetic
Nutritional
Environmental
What is the median age of a developmental milestone?
When 50% of the population develop a skill
What is the limit age of a developmental milestone?
Age when skill should have been acquired by 97.5% of children
What is a developmental milestone?
Key stage when a new skill is developed
What are the principles of development in a child?
Continuous process
Maturation of nervous system
Cephalocaudal direction
What are the 4 areas of development in a child that are assessed?
Gross motor
Fine motor and vision
Language and hearing
Social behaviour and play
In terms of gross motor development, what should be achieved by 3 months?
Head control
In terms of gross motor development, what should be achieved by 6 months?
Sitting balance
In terms of gross motor development, what should be achieved by 9 months?
Crawling
In terms of gross motor development, what should be achieved by 12 months?
Standing
May take first step
In terms of gross motor development, what should be achieved by 18 months?
Running
In terms of gross motor development, what should be achieved by 24 and 36 months?
Stairs - 2 feet by 24 and alternate feet by 36 months
What are the primitive reflexes in motor development?
Sucking and rooting Palmar and plantar grasp ATNR Moro Stepping and placing
When is the ATNR reflex lost?
3/4 months
In terms of fine motor skills and vision, what should be achieved by 6 weeks?
Follow torch with eyes
In terms of fine motor skills and vision, what should be achieved by 3 months?
Regard hands in midline
In terms of fine motor skills and vision, what should be achieved by 6 months?
Transfer of objects from hand to hand
Palmar grasp
Mouths objects
In terms of fine motor skills and vision, what should be achieved by 9 months?
Index finger to point
Picking up of tiny objects between thumb and hand
In terms of fine motor skills and vision, what should be achieved by 12 months?
Neat fine pincer grip
Bang toys together
Casting toys
In terms of fine motor skills and vision, what should be achieved by 18 months?
Build tower of 2/4 bricks
Hand preference
Enjoyment of picture books
In terms of fine motor skills and vision, what should be achieved by 24 months?
Build tower of 6/7 bricks
Circular scribble
In terms of fine motor skills and vision, what should be achieved by 36 months?
Build tower of 9/10 bricks
Copies circles
Cuts with scissors
In terms of language and hearing, what should be achieved by 6 weeks?
Stills to voice
In terms of language and hearing, what should be achieved by 3 months?
Vocalises with familiar presence
Laughs and coos
In terms of language and hearing, what should be achieved by 6 months?
Babbles tunefully
Screams when annoyed
In terms of language and hearing, what should be achieved by 9 months?
Localises sound consistently
Polysyllabic babble
Immitates sound
In terms of language and hearing, what should be achieved by 12 months?
Knows and responds to name
Jargons vowels and consonants
In terms of language and hearing, what should be achieved by 18 months?
5-20 words
Points to body part
In terms of language and hearing, what should be achieved by 24 months?
50+ words; joins 2 words; talks to self
Understands simple instructions
In terms of language and hearing, what should be achieved by 36 months?
Knows own name and gender
Asks lots of questions
Carries on simple conversation
Understands prepositions
In terms of language and hearing, what should be achieved by 48 months?
Recounts stories of recent experiences
Sentences of 5+ words
Counts to 20
In terms of social and play, what should be achieved by 6 weeks?
Social smile
In terms of social and play, what should be achieved by 3 months?
Reacts pleasuralby to familiar situations
In terms of social and play, what should be achieved by 6 months?
Still friendly with strangers; plays with feet
In terms of social and play, what should be achieved by 9 months?
Anxious around strangers; plays peek a boo; object permanence
In terms of social and play, what should be achieved by 12 months?
Drinks from cup
Waves bye-bye
In terms of social and play, what should be achieved by 18 months?
Feeds with spoon
Imitates adult activities
In terms of social and play, what should be achieved by 24 months?
Puts on hat and shoes
Developing symbolic play
In terms of social and play, what should be achieved by 36 months?
Washes hands
Vivid pretend play
Understands sharing and plays with others
In terms of social and play, what should be achieved by 48 months?
Dresses and undresses
Understands concept of turn taking
