Normal Development Flashcards

1
Q

What factors influence normal development?

A

Genetic
Nutritional
Environmental

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2
Q

What is the median age of a developmental milestone?

A

When 50% of the population develop a skill

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3
Q

What is the limit age of a developmental milestone?

A

Age when skill should have been acquired by 97.5% of children

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4
Q

What is a developmental milestone?

A

Key stage when a new skill is developed

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5
Q

What are the principles of development in a child?

A

Continuous process
Maturation of nervous system
Cephalocaudal direction

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6
Q

What are the 4 areas of development in a child that are assessed?

A

Gross motor
Fine motor and vision
Language and hearing
Social behaviour and play

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7
Q

In terms of gross motor development, what should be achieved by 3 months?

A

Head control

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8
Q

In terms of gross motor development, what should be achieved by 6 months?

A

Sitting balance

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9
Q

In terms of gross motor development, what should be achieved by 9 months?

A

Crawling

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10
Q

In terms of gross motor development, what should be achieved by 12 months?

A

Standing

May take first step

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11
Q

In terms of gross motor development, what should be achieved by 18 months?

A

Running

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12
Q

In terms of gross motor development, what should be achieved by 24 and 36 months?

A

Stairs - 2 feet by 24 and alternate feet by 36 months

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13
Q

What are the primitive reflexes in motor development?

A
Sucking and rooting
Palmar and plantar grasp
ATNR
Moro
Stepping and placing
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14
Q

When is the ATNR reflex lost?

A

3/4 months

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15
Q

In terms of fine motor skills and vision, what should be achieved by 6 weeks?

A

Follow torch with eyes

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16
Q

In terms of fine motor skills and vision, what should be achieved by 3 months?

A

Regard hands in midline

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17
Q

In terms of fine motor skills and vision, what should be achieved by 6 months?

A

Transfer of objects from hand to hand
Palmar grasp
Mouths objects

18
Q

In terms of fine motor skills and vision, what should be achieved by 9 months?

A

Index finger to point

Picking up of tiny objects between thumb and hand

19
Q

In terms of fine motor skills and vision, what should be achieved by 12 months?

A

Neat fine pincer grip
Bang toys together
Casting toys

20
Q

In terms of fine motor skills and vision, what should be achieved by 18 months?

A

Build tower of 2/4 bricks
Hand preference
Enjoyment of picture books

21
Q

In terms of fine motor skills and vision, what should be achieved by 24 months?

A

Build tower of 6/7 bricks

Circular scribble

22
Q

In terms of fine motor skills and vision, what should be achieved by 36 months?

A

Build tower of 9/10 bricks
Copies circles
Cuts with scissors

23
Q

In terms of language and hearing, what should be achieved by 6 weeks?

A

Stills to voice

24
Q

In terms of language and hearing, what should be achieved by 3 months?

A

Vocalises with familiar presence

Laughs and coos

25
In terms of language and hearing, what should be achieved by 6 months?
Babbles tunefully | Screams when annoyed
26
In terms of language and hearing, what should be achieved by 9 months?
Localises sound consistently Polysyllabic babble Immitates sound
27
In terms of language and hearing, what should be achieved by 12 months?
Knows and responds to name | Jargons vowels and consonants
28
In terms of language and hearing, what should be achieved by 18 months?
5-20 words | Points to body part
29
In terms of language and hearing, what should be achieved by 24 months?
50+ words; joins 2 words; talks to self | Understands simple instructions
30
In terms of language and hearing, what should be achieved by 36 months?
Knows own name and gender Asks lots of questions Carries on simple conversation Understands prepositions
31
In terms of language and hearing, what should be achieved by 48 months?
Recounts stories of recent experiences Sentences of 5+ words Counts to 20
32
In terms of social and play, what should be achieved by 6 weeks?
Social smile
33
In terms of social and play, what should be achieved by 3 months?
Reacts pleasuralby to familiar situations
34
In terms of social and play, what should be achieved by 6 months?
Still friendly with strangers; plays with feet
35
In terms of social and play, what should be achieved by 9 months?
Anxious around strangers; plays peek a boo; object permanence
36
In terms of social and play, what should be achieved by 12 months?
Drinks from cup | Waves bye-bye
37
In terms of social and play, what should be achieved by 18 months?
Feeds with spoon | Imitates adult activities
38
In terms of social and play, what should be achieved by 24 months?
Puts on hat and shoes | Developing symbolic play
39
In terms of social and play, what should be achieved by 36 months?
Washes hands Vivid pretend play Understands sharing and plays with others
40
In terms of social and play, what should be achieved by 48 months?
Dresses and undresses | Understands concept of turn taking