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Child Health > Approach to the child with developmental delay > Flashcards

Approach to the child with developmental delay Flashcards

1
Q

What is developmental delay?

A

Failure to attain appropriate developmental milestones for child’s corrected chronological age

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2
Q

What is an example of a global abnormal development?

A

Down’s syndrome

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3
Q

What is a global delay?

A

Significant delay in more than 2 of:
Gross/fine motor, speech/language
Cognition, social/personL

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4
Q

What is an example of a specific abnormal development?

A

Duchenne’s muscular dystrophy

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5
Q

What is an example of a deviation of abnormal development?

A

ASD

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6
Q

What is an example of a regression of abnormal development?

A

Rett’s syndrome

Metabolic disorder

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7
Q

What IQ is considered a mild learning disability?

A

IQ between 50 and 70

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8
Q

What IQ is considered a severe learning difficulty?

A

Less than 50

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9
Q

What are red flags for development?

A 
Asymmetry of movement
Not reaching for objects b 6 months 
Unable to sit unsupported by 12 months 
Unable to walk by 18 months 
No speech by 18 months
Concerns re vision or hearing
Loss of skills
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10
Q

What should be checked in a child that cannot walk by 18 months?

A

CK

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11
Q

What medical screening should children with down’s syndrome undergo?

A 
Cardiac
Vision
Hearing
Thyroid function 
Sleep related breathing disorders
Growth charts 
Development
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12
Q

What are examples of specific motor developmental delay?

A

Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Cerebral palsy
Co-ordination disorders

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13
Q

What are examples of specific language developmental delays?

A

Specific language impairement

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14
Q

What are examples of specific sensory deficits and associated delays?

A

Oculocutaneous albinism

Treacher-collins

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15
Q

What is an example of a specific developmental deviation?

A

Autism spectrum disorder

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16
Q

What is the common manoeuvre seen in duchenne MD?

A

Gower’s

17
Q

What are the 3 different types of CP?

A

Hemiplegic
Diplegic
Quadraplegic

18
Q

What can cause a diplegic pattern?

A

Insult between the 24-32nd week of pregnancy

Injury to lateral ventricles

19
Q

What conditions are associated with cerebral palsy?

A 
Mobility, spasticity and orthopaedic
Learning difficulties
Epilepsy
Visual or hearing impairment
Communication difficulties
Feeding difficulties
Sleep problems
Behaviour problems
20
Q

What is the autistic triad?

A 
Communication
Social interaction - eye contact etc
Flexibility of thought/ imagination 
Restricted, repetitive behaviors
Sensory difficulties
21
Q

What non verbal language do ASD children struggle with?

A

Facial expression
Eye contact
Recognising intention of others

22
Q

What language use to ASD children suffer with?

A

Initiating and sustaining conversation
Restricted interests
Lack of awareness of reciprocal nature of conversation

23
Q

What social interactions do children with ASD struggle with?

A 
Joint attention and referencing
Turn taking
Unable to share pleasure
Not motivated by need for social approval 
Social rules
Empathy
Relationships
Others point of view/feelings
24
Q

What limits of flexibility of thought/imagination do ASD children suffer from?

A 
Theory of mind
Concrete and literal
Concept of time
Routines
Changes in environment
Ritualistic behaviour
25
Q

What sensory issues do ASD children suffer from?

A 
Fussy eaters
Textures of clothes
Sleep
Toilet training
Hair washing
Nail cutting
Noise
26
Q

What should be assessed in the examination of a developmentally delayed child?

A 
Observation
Dysmorphism 
Head circumference
Systems
CNS inc neurocutaneous
Vision
Hearing
27
Q

What investigations should/can be done for a developmentally delayed child?

A 
Chromosomes, FRAX and oligoarray CGH
Neonatal PKU, thyroid studies, CK 
MRI brain
EEG
Metabolic studies
Genetic consultation
28
Q

What assessment tools can be used in developmental assessment?

A

Griffiths (0-8yrs)
Bayleys (0-3yrs)
Schedule of growing skills (0-5yrs)
ADOS (ASD)

29
Q

What type of hearing loss does sensorineural produce?

A

Worst hearing at high frequencies

30
Q

What type of hearing loss does conductive hearing loss produce?

A

Lower at all frequencies than sensorineural but small dip at higher frequencies

31
Q

What is the most common type of conductive hearing loss?

A

Glue ear

32
Q

How is glue ear treated?

A

Grommet

33
Q

What can commonly cause sensorineural hearing loss?

A

Viral, measles, mumps, meningitis

Child Health (12 decks)

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