Normal Antenatal Progress Flashcards
What foods contain folic acid?
Dark green leafy vegetables
Oranges
Wholegrain
Yeast
(Bread, butter, cereal)
When does a woman need more than the recommended dose (400micrograms OD) of folic acid?
Anti-epileptic medication
Diabetes
Obesity
Chrohn’s/Coeliac
When are maternal antibodies produced?
When a mother is rhesus- and her foetus is rhesus+
Usually during delivery of 1st child
May destroy any subsequent rhesus+ foetuses
How do you prevent a mother with negative rhesus status from producing maternal antibodies?
Give Anti D antibodies
Routinely offered in the 3rd trimester to rhesus- mothers
Factor that make a woman high risk are?
Advanced maternal age >40 or low age <20 History of any medical problems Previous surgery IVF treatment Previous c-section Previous problems in pregnancy - htn,growth restriction, diabetes, feral abnormalities
When do USS scans occur?
12 weeks - dating
20 weeks - growing well, no abnormalities (heart or NT defects)
26 weeks - glucose tolerance test
Levels of B-HCG in pregnancy
Peaks just before 3 months, and slowly drops from then until 9 months
Levels and function of oestrogen in pregnancy
Slowly rises throughout pregnancy until it rapidly drops at 9 months
Prepares the body for delivery throughout pregnancy, increasing the number of oxcytocin receptors in the uterus
Initially produced in the corpus luteum, and the later by the placenta
Levels and function of progesterone in pregnancy
Slowly rises throughout pregnancy until it rapidly drops at 9 months
Smooth muscle relaxant, maintains the uterine lining
Initially produced in the corpus luteum, and the later by the placenta
What is the combined test for Downs Syndrome?
PAPP-A
B-hCG
Nuchal Translucency
How do you diagnose gestational diabetes?
2 hour glucose >7.8
How does the respiratory system change during pregnancy?
Increase in intraabdominal pressure
- diaphragmatic breathing
- hyperventilation
- increase in tidal volume
How does the cardiac system change during pregnancy?
Increase in cardiac output
Usually a drop in blood pressure (raise could mean pre eclampsia)
What haematological changes happen in pregnancy?
Increase in plasma volume (40%) - periph oedema
Increase in RBC volume (25%)
Leads to anaemia
Increase in clotting factors - hypercoagulability
MSK changes in preganacy
BMI increase Stretch marks Lower back pain Lordosis Sciatica Muscle cramps
