Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Obs and Gynae > Complications In Pregnancy > Flashcards

Complications In Pregnancy Flashcards

1
Q

What is the action of ergotamine?

A

Causes contraction of uterus

Used to treat heavy vaginal bleeding in pregnancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the action of endothelin?

A

Potent vasoconstrictor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Action of prostin?

A

Prostaglandin E2
Used in induction of pregnancy
Softens/dilates neck of womb
Stimulates contractions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the action of oxytocin?

A

Uterine muscle contraction

Increases production of prostaglandin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Action of Misoprostol?

A

Prostaglandin analogue
Causes cervical ripening
Softening and dilation of the cervix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Action of relaxin

A

Secreted by the placenta

Causes cervix to dilate and prepares the uterus for the action of oxytocin during labour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the action of nifedipine?

A

Calcium channel blocker

Used to treat severe hypertension in pregnancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the role of nitric oxide in pregnancy?

A

Nitric oxide levels maintain a healthy flow of blood to the baby
When NO levels in the placenta are reduced or the NO is blocked from doing its work the risk of pre-eclampsia can occur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Role of indomethacin

A

NSAID

Used as a tocolytic medicine - prolongs pregnancy by slowing preterm uterine contractions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Action of terbutaline

A

β2 adrenergic receptor agonist

Help prevent and slow contractions of the uterus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Tocolytic drugs

A 
Nitric oxide 
Relaxin
Magnesium
Terbutaline
Atosiban 
Indomethacin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is antepartum haemorrhage?

A

Bleeding from genital tract from 24 weeks onwards

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Important causes of antepartum haemorrhage

A

Placenta praevia

Placental abruption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Types of HTN in pregnancy

A

Pre-existing - pre or early in pregnancy
Pregnancy induced HTN - HTN after 20 weeks (pre-eclampsia risk 25%)
Pre-eclampsia - HTN after 20 with proteinurea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How does BP change in pregnancy

A

Normal 1st trimester
Drop in 2nd trimester (no drop in prev HTN or pre-eclampsia)
Return to normal/rise in 3rd trimester

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How to diagnose pre-eclampsia

A

> 140/90 on 2 occasions 4 hours apart

Proteinurea >300mg/24 hours or >30mg on spot test PRC

17
Q

How does pre-eclampsia happen?

A

Mother predisposed to pre-eclampsia
Leads to poor placental development
Hypoperfused placenta and release of circulating factor
Damages and activates vascular endothelium
HTN, Organ Damage

Associated with foetal growth restriction

18
Q

Management of pre-eclampsia

A

Delivery of placenta

Keep systolic <160 (labetalol, nifedipine, hydrallazine)
Fluid balance - restrict due to risk of pulmonary oedema
Prevention of fits (eclampsia) - magnesium sulphate

19
Q

What is HELLP?

A

Severe pre-eclampsia

Haemolysis
Elevated Liver enzymes
Low Platelets

20
Q

What does small for gestational age (SGA) mean?

A

Weight <10th centile

21
Q

What is Fetal Growth Restriction?

A

Failure off foetus to reach pre determined growth potential due to pathology

Symmetrical - insult early in pregnancy
Asymmetrical - insult late in pregnancy (lack of nutrition)

22
Q

Major risk factors for SGA (12)

A 
Maternal age >40
Smoker >11pd
Paternal or maternal SGA
Cocaine Use
Previous SGA or stillbirth
Chronic HTN
Diabetes with vascular disease
Renal impairment 
Antiphospholipid syndrome
Heavy bleeding PV
Low PAPP-A
Fetal echogenic bowel
23
Q

Minor risk factors for SGA

A 
Maternal age >35
IVF pregnancy
Nulliparity
BMI <20 or 25-34.9
Smoker 1-10pd
Previous PET
Pregnancy interval <6m or >6om
24
Q

Aetiology of FGR

A

Impairment of gas exchange and nutrient delivery to foetus

  • impaired maternal oxygen carrying
  • impaired oxygen delivery
  • placental damage

Intrinsic problems with foetus

  • chromosomal or congenital abnormalities
  • intrauterine infections
25
Short term Implications for foetus FGR/SGA
- premature birth (necrotising enterocolitis, HIE and sequelae, chronic lung disease, NICU stay) - Low Apgar’s - hypoglycaemia/hypocalcaemia - hypothermia - polycythemia/hyperbilirubinaemia
26
Long term Implications for foetus FGR/SGA
``` Learning difficulties Short stature Failure to thrive Cerebral palsy HTN T2DM Heart disease ```
27
Factors used on growth scan
Femur length Head circumference Abdominal circumference Umbilical artery Doppler (should be no resistance) Liquor volume
28
Management of early onset (<32 week) FGR
May suggest congenital infection or chromosomal abnormality Detailed USS to exclude structural abnormalities If chromosomal abnormality suspected, offer amniocentesis Steroids Intensive monitoring
29
Management of late onset (>32 weeks) FGR
Surveillance Delivery if evidence of Fetal compromise Steroids if <36 weeks
30
What is the APGAR score?
0-2 ``` Appearance blue/acrocyanosis/pink Pulse absent,<100,>100 Grimace absent,feeble,strong cry Activity absent,some flexion,full movement Respiration absent,weak,strong ```
31
When is APGAR score taken?
1 minute 5 minute: normal = >7, neuro damage =<3 As needed
32
What are the signs of magnesium toxicity?
Loss of tendon reflexes (due to neuromuscular blockade) Respiratory depression Cardiac arrest
33
What pharmacological agents can be used to manage PPH?
``` Syntocinon Syntometrine Ergometrine Misoprostol Carboprost Transexamic acid ```
34
Symptoms of pre-eclampsia
``` Severe headache Blurred vision or flashing Sever pain just below the ribs Vomiting Sudden swelling of face hands or feet ```
35
Women at high risk of pre-eclampsia
``` Hypertension during previous pregnancy Chronic kidney disease Autoimmune diseases (SLE, Antiphospholipid syndrome) T1 or T2DM Chronic HTN ```
36
Advice for women with pre-eclampsia
75mg of aspirin from 12weeks
37
Risk factors for gestational HTN
``` Nulliparity >40 Pregnancy interval of more than 10 years FH of pre-eclampsia Multi-Fetal pregnancy BMI >35 Gestational age at presentation Previous pre-eclampsia or gestational HTN Pre existing vascular disease Pre existing kidney disease ```

Obs and Gynae (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions